Cardiac Considerations Draw and label a diagram of the heart Explain the cardiac cycle Describe how the heart works Discuss heart regulation at rest and during exercise Discuss cardiac dynamics

The Heart Function To provide the pumping action and force for blood transportation around the vascular system

The Heart Myocardium - Cardiac Muscle Four Chambers Two Upper - Atria Two Lower - Ventricles

The Heart Blood flows into the upper chambers via three veins Vena Cava Superior & Inferior Pulmonary Vein

The Heart As the Atria contract blood is pushed through two valves Tricuspid Valve - Right side of heart Bicuspid (Mitral) Valve - left side of heart

The Heart The blood passes through the valves into the ventricles. The atria relax and the valves close.

The Heart The ventricles then contract and the blood is then transported away from the heart via two arteries Aorta Pulmonary Artery

The Heart Beat Sinoatrial (SA) Node Atrioventricular (AV) Node AV bundle ( Bundle of His) Purkinje Fibres

Control of the Heart Beat The Parasympathetic Nervous System Decreases HR Sympathetic Nervous System Increases HR & Contraction force The Endocrine System (release of hormones) Increases HR & Contraction Force

The ElectroCardioGram P Wave Atrial Depolarisation QRS Complex Ventricular Depolarisation T Wave Ventricular Depolariastion

The Cardiac Cycle Systole Contraction phase Diastole Relaxation phase

Cardiac Dynamics Heart Rate (HR) Stroke Volume (SV) Cardiac output (Q) The number of heart beats measured in a minute Stroke Volume (SV) The amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle in a single contraction Cardiac output (Q) The amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle in a minute (SV x HR)

Independent Learning Session Using the Biopac package Conduct and record an ECG Annotate the ECG by identifying The PQRST Atrial and Ventricle systole & diastole