The Holocaust State-sponsored, systematic persecution and annihilation of European Jewry by Nazi Germany and its collaborators between 1933 and 1945. Source:

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The Holocaust State-sponsored, systematic persecution and annihilation of European Jewry by Nazi Germany and its collaborators between 1933 and 1945. Source: ushmm.org

It is important to understand the meaning of the following terms: Genocide Anti-Semitism Systematic Kristallnact Ghetto Genocide: complete annihilation of a racial, political, or cultural group Anti-Semitism: discrimination, prejudice, or hostility toward Jews Systematic: Involving a plan or method. Example: “Final Solution” was Hitler’s plan to systematically exterminate all Jews living in regions of the Third Reich. Kristallnact: “Night of the Broken Glass.” In retaliation for a Jewish refugee killing a German diplomat, Nazi officials order attacks on Jews in Germany. Occurs in several cities on one night. Synagogues and businesses destroyed, hundreds of Jews killed or injured. Thousands arrested. Ghetto: A section of a city where all Jews were required to live. Uniformed prisoners with triangular badges are assembled under Nazi guard at the Sachenhausen concentration camp. Sachsenhausen, Germany, 1938. Source: National Archives and Records Administration, College Park, Md.

Roots of the Holocaust 1920s Germany – surge of anti-Semitism during economic, political, and social turmoil. Mein Kampf – Hitler’s writings refer to ridding Germany of Jews. 1933 – Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany. Nazi movement sponsors hate and anti-Semitism.

Steps of Jewish Persecution Boycott Jewish-owned businesses (economic) Bar Jews from jobs in civil service, banking, stock exchange, law, journalism, medicine (economic) Nuremberg Laws Denied German citizenship to Jews Banned marriage between Jews and non-Jews Segregated Jews in society

Propaganda Hitler used speeches, radio broadcasts, flyers, newspapers, and school curriculum to spread his ideas about Jews. Illustration from a children’s book in 1936. Captions read “How the Jew Cheats” and “The Jews are our misfortune.” Source: ushmm.org

Question: Why didn’t they just leave? 1933-1937: 129,000 Jews fled Germany and Nazi-controlled Austria Jews not welcome in some countries Great Depression/World-wide Depression made immigrants unwelcome. German nationalism!

World War II and the Holocaust

Roles of those involved Victims Bystanders Liberators Resistance Nazi Party, German Government, SS Soldiers, doctors, nurses, lawyers, judges, regular soldiers, railroad workers, and many, many more.

Concentration Camps Original purpose: make prisoners “useful members” of the Third Reich. Original prisoners: Labor leaders Socialists Communists Anyone who spoke against Hitler

Concentration Camps, cont. Additional “undesirable” groups targeted: Gypsies, Jehovah’s Witnesses, homosexuals, beggars, drunkards, conscientious objectors, mentally disabled. Death by starvation and/or disease common Medical experimentation Gas chambers Shooting squads

Death Camp Purpose was specifically murder Bodies were desecrated after death: Human fat turned into soap Human hair woven into wigs Cash, gold fillings, wedding rings, other valuables stripped from victims Final step - crematorium

6 million European Jews murdered Approximately 2 million non-Jewish Poles murdered Approximately 3 million other non-Jews murdered Survivors liberated as Germany fell, Spring 1945

Based on a true story… The following clip represents the perspectives of members of Easy Company/101st Airborne Unit as told in the book and miniseries Band of Brothers. Liberation

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