1 Hesheng Chen Institute of High Energy Physics Beijing , China High Energy Physics in China 1.BEPC/BES/BSRF and latest results 2.BEPCII 3.Particle Astrophysics 4.Medium and long term plan

2 Institutions and Univ. Groups for Particle Physics Experiments Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing Univ. of Science and Technology of China, Hefei Peking Univ. Beijing Tsinghua Univ. Beijing Shandong Univ. Jinan Huangzhong Normal Univ. Wuhan ……

3 Major projects BEPC/BESII → BEPCII/BESIII Yangbajing Cosmic Ray Observatory Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment International Collaborations: – CMS, Atlas and LHCb at LHC, – AMS – Belle at KEKB – D0 at Tevatron – STAR at RHIC – ILC – ……

4 Major Facilities Beijing Electron-Positron Collider (BEPC) Beijing Spectrometer (BES) Yangbajing Cosmic Ray Observatory Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility (BSRF) Shanghai Light Source Hefei Synchrotron Radiation Lab.

5 Institute of High Energy Physics Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences : Comprehensive and largest fundamental research center in China for : – Particle physics – Accelerator technologies and applications – Synchrotron radiation technologies and applications 1000 employees, ~ 650 physicists and engineers, 400 PhD Students and postdoctors Established at 1950, and became an independent institute for HEP at Reforming and changing…

6 Bird’s Eye View of BEPC Bird’s Eye View of BEPC

7 BEPC constructed in 1984 –1988 with beam energy: 1 – 2.8 GeV –Physics Run ： Luminosity cm -2 s 1.89GeV, 5 month/year –Synchrotron Radiation Run ： 2.2 GeV, 3 month/year

8 Korea (4) Korea University Seoul National University Chonbuk National University Gyeongsang Nat. Univ. Japan (5) Nikow University Tokyo Institute of Technology Miyazaki University KEK U. Tokyo USA (4) University of Hawaii University of Texas at Dallas Colorado State University Stanford Linear Accelerator Center UK (1) Queen Mary University China (18) IHEP of CAS Univ. of Sci. and Tech. of China Shandong Univ., Zhejiang Univ. Huazhong Normal Univ. Shanghai Jiaotong Univ. Peking Univ., CCAST Wuhan Univ., Nankai Univ. Henan Normal Univ. Hunan Univ., Liaoning Univ. Tsinghua Univ., Sichuan Univ. Guangxi Univ., Guangxi Normal Univ. Jiangsu Normal Univ.

9 (10 6 ) World‘s largest J/  and  data sample (10 6 ) More interesting physics results are expected. J/ 

10 Latest results from BES: Latest results from BES: — Precision measurement of R — Threshold Enhancement and New resonance

11  R/R(%) Before BES BES 6.6 BESII BESII Results R Measurement at 2-5GeV (91 points) R Measurement at 2-5GeV (91 points)

12 Impact of BES’s New R Values on the SM Fit for α (M z 2 ) and Higgs mass 1995 before BES R data 2001 with BES R data g – 2 experiment

13 Observation of an anomalous enhancement near the threshold of mass spectrum at BES II M=1859 MeV/c 2  < 30 MeV/c 2 (90% CL) J/    pp M(pp)-2m p (GeV) body phase space acceptance  2 /dof=56/56 acceptance weighted BW  10  25 BES II Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, (2003) X(1860)

14 Statistical Significance 7.7  BESII Preliminary BES: X(1835) in X(1835) 7.7  BESII Preliminary

15 X(1835) could be the same structure as X(1860) indicated by pp mass threshold enhancement X(1835) mass is consistent with the mass of the S-wave resonance X(1860) indicated by the pp mass threshold enhancement. Its width is 1.9  higher than the upper limit of the width obtained from pp mass threshold enhancement. On the other hand, if the FSI effect is included in the fit of the pp mass spectrum, the width of the resonance near pp mass threshold will become larger. published PRL Dec

16 BEPC future development High Precision Frontier: precise measurement in charm energy region (2-4 GeV), and search for new phenomena. Transition between continuum and resonance's, perturbative and non-perturbative QCD Rich of resonance's, charmonium and charmed mesons. New type of hadronic matter predicted in the region, e.g. glueball and hybrid ， pentquark, exotic particles… Advantages at Threshold : large , low multiplicity, pure initial state, S/B optimum

17 Future development: BEPCII Upgrade BEPC into two ring collider, increasing luminosity by a factor 100, rebuild detector to adapt high event rate and reduce sys. errors. Cost: 77M US$. Comparison with CESRc: –Lumi. of BEPCII is a factor of 3-7 higher than designed value of CESRc –Beam energy spread of BEPCII is about half → BEPCII statistics will be about one order of magnitude higher than CLEOc → BEPCII statistics will be about one order of magnitude higher than CLEOc –Detector performance similar

18 2. BEPCII: High Lumi. Double–ring Collider Build new ring inside existing ring. Two half new rings and two half old rings cross at two IR’s, forming a double ring collider. BEPCII

19 BEPC II Double ring Design In the existing BEPC tunnel, add another ring, cross over at south and north points, two equal rings for electrons and positrons. Advanced double-ring collision technology. 93 bunches ， total current > 0.9A in each ring. Collision spacing ： 8 ns. In south, collision with large cross-angle （ ±11 mr ）. Calculated luminosity ： cm -2 s 3.78GeV of C.M. energy. Linac upgrade: e + 50mA/min., Full energy injection up to 1.89GeV In north cross point, connecting SR beam between two outer rings, in south cross point, use dipole magnet to bend the beam back to outer ring. SR run ： 2.5 GeV. Major detector upgrade ： BES III.

20 Installation of Linac Upgrade Finished RF Gallery Linac Tunnel

21 ParametersGoal Measured Beam energy (GeV) (e-); 1.89 (e+) Beam current (mA) e+e+ 40 > 63 e-e- 500 > 500 Repetition rate (Hz)50 Emittance (1σ) ( mm  m rad ) e+e ~ 0.20 e-e ~ Energy spread (%) e+e+  0.50  (  e-e-  0.50 <  < (  Summary of the Linac commissioning

22 2/3 of Storage Ring installed

23 BEPCII Interaction Region

24 Schedule May – Oct. 04. : √ –Linac upgrade –BESII detector removing –Transformer system 630KW →1600KW Nov. 04 – June 05: Tuning and SR running √ July 05 – Oct. 06: Long shutdown –Remove existing ring √ –Upgrade infrastructure √ –Install two rings: about 2/3 –Cryogenics system ready for SC devices, field mapping Oct July. 07: Tuning of machine + SR running Aug. 07: BESIII detector moved into beam line Sept. 07 : Starting machine-detector tuning. Physics run by Autumn 2007

25 ResonanceMass(GeV) CMS Peak Lum. (10 33 cm -2 s -1 ) Physics Cross Section (nb) Nevents/yr J/   10 9   10 6  (2S)  10 9 D 0 D 0 bar  10 6 D+D-D+D  10 6 DsDs  10 6 DsDs  10 6 Average Lum: L = 0.5×Peak Lum.; One year data taking time: T = 10 7 s N event /year =  exp  L  T Charm Productions at BEPCII Huge J/  and  (2S) sample at BESIII; Note: assuming all R&D study are based on 4 years for D and Ds ( 20 fb -1 ) and one year for J/  (10 billion) and  (2S) (3.0 billion).

26 Physics Topics covered by BESIII  Charmonium: J/ ,  (2S),  C (1S) in J/  decay,  C{0,1,2},  C (2S) and h C ( 1 P 1 ) in  ’ decay,  (1D) and so on  Exotics : hybrids, glueballs, other exotics in J/ ,  ’radiative decays  Baryons and excited baryons in J/  and  ’ hadronic decays;  Mesons and mixing of quark and gluon in J/  and  ’decays;  Open charm factory : Absolute BR of D and Ds decays, Rare D decay, D 0 -D 0 bar mixing, CP violation, f D+, f Ds, form factors in semi-leptonic D decays, precise measurement of CKM (Vcd, Vcs) CP violation and strong phase in D Dalitz Decays, light spectroscopy in D 0 and D + Dalitz Decays.  Electromagnetic form factors and QCD cross section;  New Charmonium states above open charm threshold--R values...  tau physics near the threshold.

27 Particle Astrophysics

28 Yangbajing Cosmic Ray Observatory （ a.s.l. 4300m ） IHEP-INFN RPC China-Japan Air Shower Array

29 AMS02: ECAL IHEP/LAPP/Pisa Flight module is ready. AMS01 permanent and structure were built at Beijing, and became the first big magnet in space as payload of Discovery June Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer

30 Hard X-ray Modulate Telescope Satellite scan sky for hard X ray point sources, study for black holes. Charged particle shielding Collimator Crystals PMT Support structure Approved by Chinese Gov. to be launch by 2010

31 Comparison between HXMT and INTEGRAL Angular Resolution 2’ 15’ Source Location 0.2’ 2’ Sensitivity (10 -7 / cm 2 S keV) 3 10 Observation Mode survey yes no local imaging yes yes pointing yes no the HXMT satellite is expected to be launched by 2010 HXMT INTEGRAL

32 International cooperation activities LHC : –CMS (1/3 end cap muon CSC ) & Atlas (MDT) detector production finished in Beijing, installation –Physics and MC actively. –Tier 2 at IHEP for CMS and Atals. CMS LCG cooperate with CMS ILC: Parameter choice, IHEP & Tsinghua U., Damping Ring study, IHEP group; Positron source study, sponsored by NSFC RF power and modulators ATF2 collaboration, magnet production is in progress ; Superconducting RF cavity study (IHEP and Peking)

33 Medium Term Plan Medium Term Plan Charm BEPCII Modulated hard X-ray telescope satellite Neutrino experiments: –Daya Bay Reactor neutrino to measure sin 2 2  13 –National underground Lab. –Very LBL oscillation experiment: J-Prac→ Beijing LHC exp. And ILC High power proton Accelerator: –Chinese Spallation Neutron Source 100KW→200 KW – Accelerator Driven Subcritical system Hard X-ray FEL Convert BEPC into dedicated SR source after BEPCII finished physics running IHEP extents research fields, to protein structure, nano- science, material science … → Multiple Sciences Center

34 Parameterization of neutrino mixing 6 fundamental parameters in neutrino physics ： Known ： |  m 2 32 |,sin 2 2  32 ，  m 2 21,sin 2 2  21 Unknown: sin 2 2   ，  , sign of  m 2 32 Exp. ： reactor VLBL oscillation Daya Bay Reactor J-Parc → Beijing Neutrino mixing parameters

35 Experiment to measure sin 2 2  13 using Daya Bay reactor neutrino Daya Bay NPS is the best site in the world: – 60 km from Hong Kong, –12GW now, – good mountain near NPP for near and far detectors. Near (500m) and Far detector (1.8km), modular, expect accuracy of 1% in sin 2 2  13 NPS jointed the experiment Site study finished and the tunnel design is underway Chinese funding agencies and local governments agreed to support CAS approved the project. US physicists from LBL, BNL … joined collaboration

36 √ √

37 VLBL Experiment of J-PARC to Beijing V LBL  experiment with km is very interesting to study many important physics: – Sign of the difference of  mass square – τ  appearance – CP violation of V LBL  experiment from JHF to Beijing –Good tunnel: 20 km north of Beijing, near highway to Great Wall –The tunnel is 560 m long, 34 meter wide, 13 meter height, 150 m rock on top –Good infrastructure available –2200 km to JHF with 9.5 o dip angle

Visit ORNL 38 BSNS site preliminary layout Chinese Gov. approved BSNS in principle

Visit ORNL 39

40 Welcome US particle physicists to join BESIII and Daya Bay neutrino experiment Thanks !