Warm Up – put mitosis poster on desk Copy the Table of Contents and Notes info below into your notebook Table of Contents Feb 25th, Meiosis Day 1 Notes What type of reproduction uses meiosis? What happens in each step of meiosis?

Meiosis Meiosis = needed for sexual reproduction Requires 2 parents Offspring contains DNA from both parents Happens in both plant and animal cells Also called REDUCTION DIVISION Because it reduces the number of chromosomes in gametes to ½ the number contained in the parent cell

Meiosis Vocabulary Human body cells have 46 chromosomes each (23 from each parent) Any cell that contains the full number of chromosomes is called a 2n or diploid cell *Diploid= 2 copies of each gene Symbol = 2n Mitosis makes diploid cells *Homolog = 2 chromosomes in a pair

Meiosis Vocabulary Gametes : cells that contain half the usual number of chromosomes, 1 chromosome from each pair (also called haploid) *Human gametes have 23 chromosomes each Haploid Cell: the type of cell produced during meiosis (1/2 the usual number of chromosomes) – aka gamete Symbol = 1n

Meiosis Vocabulary Egg> gamete females produce Human Female egg = 23 chromosomes Sperm> gamete males produce Human male sperm = 23 chromosomes Fertilization> when male and female gametes (egg & sperm) combine to become a 2n cell with 46 chromosomes that can grow into new cell

23 chromosomes from mother’s egg + 23 chromosomes from father’s sperm 46 chromosomes total in new offspring

Mitosis = Diploid Cell Meiosis = Haploid Cell

Purpose of meiosis: Sexual reproduction Create “gametes”

Meiosis Occurs in 2 phases: Meiosis I Meiosis II

Meiosis I

Meiosis I Meiosis I Interphase I Prophase I Metaphase I Anaphase I Telophase I and Cytokinesis

Meiosis I: Interphase I DNA replicates! Amount doubles

Meiosis I: Prophase I Homologous chromosomes pair up (form tetrad) Nuclear Membrane disappears Parts of chromosomes are exchanged through crossing over

Meiosis I: Metaphase I Homologous (paired) chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell

Meiosis I: Anaphase I Spindle Fibers pull homologous chromosomes toward opposite ends of the cell

Meiosis I: Telophase I Fibers pull homologous chromosomes toward opposite ends of the cell

Meiosis I: Telophase I & Cytokinesis I Chromosomes reach ends of cell and nuclear membrane forms Cytokinesis 1 2 cells form

Meiosis II Meiosis II Telophase I and Cytokinesis I Metaphase II Anaphase II Telophase II and Cytokinesis Prophase II

Meoisis II There are now 2 cells doing the same thing

Meiosis II: Prophase II NO INTERPHASE II— chromosomes are NOT replicated There are 2 copies of each homolog The copies attach together (condense) Nuclear membrane breaks down

Meiosis II: Metaphase II Duplicated chromosomes line up at the center of the cell

Meiosis II: Anaphase II Attached copies of each chromosomes (chromatids) separate and pull apart

Meiosis II: Telophase II A new nuclear membrane forms in each cell The sister chromatids move toward opposite ends of the cells and begin to split

Meiosis II: Cytokinesis II Both cells divide, making 4 haploid cells

End of Meoisis: 4 haploid cells

HW Quiz Corrections Due Wednesday Worksheet # 1 and 2 Progress Reports Signed

Warm Up – Put HW on desk Read Meiosis Article and answer questions on the back Do not copy

Warm Up Answers B C A D Only one parent is needed

Tickets You can earn a ticket for many things Completing your work Following directions Asking or Answers a good question Do not ask for a ticket, not every action will get you one

Tickets If you get a ticket, write your name on the back Hold it at your seat until the END OF CLASS At the end of class, Ms. Stoker will take out your class bag for you to put your tickets in On Fridays names will be drawn for prizes All tickets will be thrown away and will start fresh on Monday Lost tickets or tickets without names = too bad

Notebook Table of Contents Feb 26th Meiosis Day 2 Notebook Identify the purpose of each phase of Meiosis

HW Answers Top Row Prophase I Metaphase I Anaphase I Middle Row Telophase I Prophase II Metaphase II Bottom Row Anaphase II Telophase II Cytokinesis II

HW Answers Diploid = 2 copies of each chromosome, 46 Total (2N) Haploid = 1 copy of each chromosomes, 23 total (1N) 2. Gametes are the type of cell made during Meoisis, they have 23 chromosomes each Males produce sperm, females produce eggs/ 3. The number of chromosomes is reduced from 46 to 23, or diploid to haploid 4. Meiosis creates the cells needed for sexual reproduction (gametes)

Meiosis Animation http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=35ncSrJO wME&feature=related

What is the purpose of meiosis? What are the 2 parts of meiosis? A cell with 23 chromosomes is called what? What happens during Interphase? What is the longest part of meiosis? Chromosomes are made up of __________. What phase is there a tetrad? What would happen without a crossing over point? What do tetrads do in metaphase? What do tetrads do in Anaphase? Where do they go? What happens in Telophase 1? What type of cell is made during Cytokinesis 1? What kind of Chromosomes are there in Metaphase II? How is anaphase II different from anaphase I? How many cells are there at the end of Cytokinesis II? Are they diploid or haploid? Where does Meoisis happen?

Meiosis Day 2 Practice 4.3 Reading Study Guide (use textbook section C) Meiosos – It’s For Sexual Reproduction 15 Min 15 Min / HW

Reading Study B 1A – Body cells contain a full (normal) number of chromosomes, 46 1B – cells that contain half the usual number of chromosomes (23) 2A. A gamete that forms in females 2B. A gamete that forms in males 3A. A special kind of cell division that produces haploid cells / gametes

2. Sperm, One new cell is formed, chromosomes combine 3. End of meiosis I = 2 cells. End of meiosis II = 4 cells 4. Anaphase I Telophase I and Cytokinesis

5. Prophase II – 2 chromosome copies Metaphase II – the cell’s center Anaphase II – separate and are pulled to opposite poles Telophase II, Cytokinesis – New nuclear membrane forms, cell divides into 2 daughter cells making 4 6. DNA is not copied during the 2nd cell division is Meiosis, but it is in Mitosis. Meiosis produces Haploid cells, mitosis produces diploid cells Cells made by Meiosis contain only half the genetic material from a parent, while cells made in mitosis contain all the genetic material of the parent

Homework Meiosis – its for sexual reproduction Handout Quiz corrections due tomorrow

Warm Up Put HW on desk (meiosis its for Sexual Reproduction worksheet) Warm Up – 4.3 Section Quiz (only front side) Cross out Extended Response Read the sentence. If the statement is true, write true If it is false, change the underlined word or words to make it true * Use notes and textbook starting on 117C

Warm Up Answers True False – half False – Fertilization False – only sex cells, False – not copied

Notebook Info Table of Contents Feb 27 Meiosis Day 3 Notes Page Cell Division Vocabulary Review

Chromosomes Definition: part of the cell that contains DNA and genes. Phases: all phases of mitosis and meiosis

Sister Chromatid Definition: 2 identical copies of a chromosome connected by a centromere. X shape Phases: Prophase I, Prophase II Metaphase II, Telophase I Cytokinesis I

Homologous Chromosomes Definition – Chromosome pairs 2 sister chromatid 2 xs Phases – Interphase I, Metaphase I, Anaphase I,

Tetrad Definition - a group of four sister chromatids or 2 homologous chromosomes, formed during Prophase 1 Phases – Prophase 1, Metaphase 1

Diploid Definition - a cell that contains two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent Number of Chromosomes – 46 Made during – Mitosis and sexual reproduction Symbol – 2N Other info – most human body cells are diploid

Haploid Definition - a cell has only one set of chromosomes, only has genetic info from 1 parent Number of chromosomes – 23 Made during - Meiosis Symbol – 1N Other info – also called gametes

Agenda Finish HW sheet 2. Meiosis Coloring / Poster Instead of coloring on handout, you must draw or trace the pictures onto your own paper and then follow directions on page - this will be done tomorrow in class tto

HW Interpreting visuals handout Cross out # 20

Warm Up – put hw on desk Copy the following sentences into your notebook and fill in the blanks After Meiosis there are _______cells with ______________ chromosomes each, making them ____________ cells. Another name for a diploid cell is a _____ cell. A haploid cell can be called a ____________ or a ___________ cell.

Warm Up Copy the following sentences into your notebook and fill in the blanks After Meiosis there are 4 cells with 23 chromosomes each, making them HAPLOID cells. Another name for a diploid cell is a 2N cell. A haploid cell can be called a GAMETE or a 1N cell.

HW Answers 16. 2n cells have 46 chromosomes, 1N cells have 23 17. A - B show Meiosis I, B – C show Meiosis II 18. No, meiosis takes place only in cells in reproductive organs 19. Meiosis is necessary because it produces sex cells. Sex cells are needed to make new offspring 21. Only cells that are to become gametes go through meiosis. All other cells divide by mitosis. During Meiosis a cell goes through 2 cell divisions, during mitosis there is only 1 cell division. 4 daughter cells are produced by Meiosis, they contain half of the chromosomes from the parent. Mitosis makes 2 daughter cells, both have an exact copy of the parent’s chromosomes.

Notebook Table of Contents Feb 28th Meiosis Day 4 Notes Feb 28th Meiosis Day 4 Why don’t I know this yet?

Agenda READ textbook 117C – 122C Write down and answer all “check your reading” Questions Write down and answer 1,3.4.6 on 122C 2. Poster Label phases Write description Label diploid or haploid color

Agenda Work on and complete Meiosis Poster started yesterday Use textbook 121C and notes *it must have Phases labeled (10pts) Key structures identified (20pts) Description for each phase (20pts) Labeled diploid or haploid (20) Homologous chromosomes colored according to directions (20) Neat, Creative, TITLE (10) 2. What is Meiosis Handout - Will be given for HW if not started / finished in class

Warm Up – copy sentence/statement into notebook and answer _____________ is the type of asexual reproduction that involves an organism growing a new one off of it’s side. How many cells are there at the end of Mitosis? Are they diploid or haploid? How many cells are there at the end of Meiosis? Are they diploid or haploid?

BUDDING is the type of asexual reproduction that involves an organism growing a new one off of it’s side. How many cells are there at the end of Mitosis? Are they diploid or haploid? 2 cells, they are diploid 3. How many cells are there at the end of Meiosis? Are they diploid or haploid? There are 4 cells, they are haploid

Warm Up Make sure you have a pencil We will begin preparing for Tuesday’s test by taking a “pretest”

Agenda Pretest > determine what you do know and the areas you need help on Study Guide Packet Due Monday for a test grade If finished you get a 100 test grade 

Pretest You will have 20 minutes. You may not use notes or the book. Take this as if it were a regular test. No talking Eyes on your own paper Answer in pencil so that you can correct your mistakes

1. A starfish that looses a limb can grow it back 1. A starfish that looses a limb can grow it back. What type of asexual reproduction is this? __________________________

1. A starfish that looses a limb can grow it back 1. A starfish that looses a limb can grow it back. What type of asexual reproduction is this? __________________________ Answer: Regeneration

2. ______________ creates four haploid cells.

2. ______________ creates four haploid cells. Answer: Meiosis

3. Asexual reproduction in most organisms involve Mitosis by two parents Mitosis by one parent Binary Fission by both parents Meiosis by one parent

3. Asexual reproduction in most organisms involve Mitosis by two parents Mitosis by one parent Binary Fission by both parents Meiosis by one parent Answer: B. Mitosis by one parent

4. Bread yeast reproduce by developing tiny extensions or growths on their bodies. What type of asexual reproduction is this? ______________________

4. Bread yeast reproduce by developing tiny extensions or growths on their bodies. What type of asexual reproduction is this? ______________________ Answer: Budding

5. How many new cells does Mitosis create? __________

5. How many new cells does Mitosis create? __________ Answer: Two

6. How many chromosomes does a diploid cell have? ________

6. How many chromosomes does a diploid cell have? ________ Answer: 46

7. How many new cells does Meiosis create? __________

7. How many new cells does Meiosis create? __________ Answer: Four

8. ______________ creates two diploid cells.

8. ______________ creates two diploid cells. Answer: Mitosis

9. A cell with chromosomes lined up in the middle is most likely in which stage of Mitosis? _________________

9. A cell with chromosomes lined up in the middle is most likely in which stage of Mitosis? _________________ Answer: Metaphase

10. How many chromosomes does a haploid cell have? ________

10. How many chromosomes does a haploid cell have? ________ Answer: 23

11. Which of the following is a true statement? Cells prepare for Mitosis in prophase During Mitosis a cell divides twice Mitosis produces two diploid cells Meiosis produces two haploid cells.

11. Which of the following is a true statement? Cells prepare for Mitosis in prophase During Mitosis a cell divides twice Mitosis produces two diploid cells Meiosis produces two haploid cells. Answer: C

12. During meiosis, how many times does a cell divide? __________

12. During meiosis, how many times does a cell divide 12. During meiosis, how many times does a cell divide? __________ Answer: Two

13. During mitosis, how many times does a cell divide? ___________

13. During mitosis, how many times does a cell divide 13. During mitosis, how many times does a cell divide? ___________ Answer: One

14. A 2n human cell has 46 chromosomes 14. A 2n human cell has 46 chromosomes. How many chromosomes does a male gamete have? ________

14. A 2n human cell has 46 chromosomes 14. A 2n human cell has 46 chromosomes. How many chromosomes does a male gamete have? ________ Answer: 23

15. What are the final products of Meiosis? Two 1n cells Two 2n cells Four 1n cells Four 2n cells

15. What are the final products of Meiosis? Two 1n cells Two 2n cells Four 1n cells Four 2n cells Answer: c

16. The offspring produced during asexual reproduction are Always larger than their parents Always smaller than their parents Genetically identical to their parents Genetically different from their parents

16. The offspring produced during asexual reproduction are Always larger than their parents Always smaller than their parents Genetically identical to their parents Genetically different from their parents Answer: C

17. Write the stages of Mitosis in order. __________________

Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase 17. Write the stages of Mitosis in order. Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase

18. Write the stages of Meiosis I in order. __________________

Prophase I Metaphase I Anaphase I Telophase I 18. Write the stages of Meiosis I in order. Prophase I Metaphase I Anaphase I Telophase I

19. Write the stages of Meiosis I in order. __________________

Prophase II Metaphase II Anaphase II Telophase II 19. Write the stages of Meiosis II in order. Prophase II Metaphase II Anaphase II Telophase II

20. A diploid cell of a chimpanzee contains 48 chromosomes 20. A diploid cell of a chimpanzee contains 48 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are in a haploid cell of a chimpanzee chromosome? ________________

20. A diploid cell of a chimpanzee contains 48 chromosomes 20. A diploid cell of a chimpanzee contains 48 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are in a haploid cell of a chimpanzee chromosome? ________________ Answer: 24

21. Which of the following occurs in Meiosis that does NOT occur in Mitosis? Body cells are made Cell division Gametes are made Telophase

21. Which of the following occurs in Meiosis that does NOT occur in Mitosis? Body cells are made Cell division Gametes are made Telophase Answer: C

22. Identify the stages of Mitosis __________

22. Identify the stages of Mitosis Anaphase Prophase Metaphase Telophase

23. Write the letters of the stages in their correct order using the picture. ________________

23. Write the letters of the stages in their correct order using the picture. B (Prophase) C (Metaphase) A (Anaphase) D (Telophase)

24. Describe what is happening in each stage.

Prophase = Nuclear membrane disappears 24. Describe what is happening in each stage. Answer: Prophase = Nuclear membrane disappears Metaphase = Spinal Fibers attach, chromosomes move to center of cell Anaphase = Spindal fibers pull chromosomes to opposite sides of the cell Telophase = nuclear membrane develops and cell divides

25. Describe what happens after the stage labeled D.

25. Describe what happens after the stage labeled D. Answer: Cytokenisis, the cell separates into two new identical cells.

26. Which stage of Meiosis is shown in the picture? How do you know?

26. Which stage of Meiosis is shown in the picture? How do you know? Answer: Telophase II/ because there are about to be 4 cells

27. Describe three forms of asexual reproduction and give an example of each. In what important way is asexual reproduction different from sexual reproduction?

27. Describe three forms of asexual reproduction and give an example of each. In what important way is asexual reproduction different from sexual reproduction? Answer: The three forms of asexual reproduction are budding, binary fission and regeneration. Budding happens when an organism grows a bud off of itself. The bud eventually becomes its own organism. In binary fission, a cell splits in 2. In regeneration lost or broken body parts are regrown. Asexual reproduction involves 1 parents, while sexual requires 2.

28. Identify where Meiosis occurs and explain why Meiosis is necessary.

28. Identify where Meiosis occurs and explain why Meiosis is necessary. Answer: Meiosis occurs in sexual reproductive organs. It is necessary to create egg and sperm cells.

Study Guide Due Monday at the start of class Use notes and pretest answers to complete Websites on the back will help you study and find answers as well

Meiosis Similar to mitosis in SOME ways Division of cells PMAT DIFFERENT in MANY ways Involves 2 cell divisions instead of 1 Results in 4 cells with ½ the genetic information (HAPLOID cells) called GAMETES

Mitosis vs. Meiosis Practice Mitosis verses Meiosis Questions about Mitosis and Meiosis

Warm Up Put study guide and Pretest on desk to be checked – any work done before warm up is completed will not count Complete “Questions about Mitosis and Meiosis” handout – only the front side - NO NOTES OR TEXTBOOK!

Warm Up Answers Mitosis happens in BODY CELLS. In mitosis, one cell divides to from 2 cells. In mitosis each new cell has exactly the same number of type of chromosomes as the original cell. Meiosis happens in SEX Cells. In meiosis one cell divides to form 4 cells. In meiosis each new cell has ½ the number of chromosomes as the original.

2. Mitosis 3. Meiosis Cell Division 3. Happens in body cells – Mitosis Happens in sex cell – Meiosis Results in 4 new cells – Meiosis Results in 2 new cells – mitosis Used in growth/development - Mitosis

Today’s Agenda Flashcards Study Guide > complete if not, check answers and correct (ask Ms. Stoker for key) Extra practice & extra credit 22/24 26 metaphase

Flashcards Look at Pretest from Friday For any pretest question you missed you must create the corresponding flashcard Everyone must make at least 5, if you didn’t miss 5 make 6, 10, 21, 22, 28 For example, if you missed #2 on the pretest, find #2 in the column marker “pretest question missed” and create that flashcard Some numbers have more than 1 flashcard to make *lost pretest = make all flashcards *before you begin, go through pretest and mark on sheet each flashcard you must make

Warm Up Put study guide on desk to be collected, make sure your name is on it! Take out flash cards and pretest Begin studying silently Silent Alone Studying (10 min) Partner Studying (8 min)

CFA 6 No noise (humming, talking, whispering, tapping) No cheating – be prepared to show your arms  #2 pencil Extra Credit Tell which phase of Mitosis the following onion cells are in. Answer on multiple choice page