STRUCTURES Title 22/10/2015 Next Mass and Atomic Numbers Electron Arrangement © Teachable and Simon Ball. Some rights reserved.

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Presentation transcript:

STRUCTURES Title 22/10/2015 Next Mass and Atomic Numbers Electron Arrangement © Teachable and Simon Ball. Some rights reserved.

STRUCTURES CHARGES 22/10/2015 NextBack In an atom, the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons. This means that, since there is a balance between the number of positive and negative subatomic particles, there is NO OVERALL CHARGE BORON ATOM No Charge 5 Electrons (5 Negatives) 5 Protons (5 Positives) © Teachable and Simon Ball. Some rights reserved.

+ STRUCTURES EXAMPLES OF ATOMS 22/10/2015 NextBack PROTONS NEUTRONS ELECTRONS MASS CHARGE 12 0 CARBON © Teachable and Simon Ball. Some rights reserved.

STRUCTURES EXAMPLES OF ATOMS 22/10/2015 NextBack PROTONS NEUTRONS ELECTRONS MASS CHARGE 23 0 SODIUM © Teachable and Simon Ball. Some rights reserved.

STRUCTURES EXAMPLES OF ATOMS 22/10/2015 NextBack PROTONS NEUTRONS ELECTRONS MASS CHARGE 7 0 LITHIUM © Teachable and Simon Ball. Some rights reserved.

STRUCTURES ELECTRON ARRANGEMENT 22/10/2015 Next The electrons in atoms orbit the nucleus in orbits called SHELLS. Each shell can hold a certain number of electrons. The inner most shell is filled first, then the second, then the third etc.…… © Teachable and Simon Ball. Some rights reserved.

1 st Shell can hold 2 e-. 2 nd Shell can hold 8e-. 3 rd Shell can hold 8e-. 4 th Shell can hold 18e-. STRUCTURES ELECTRON ARRANGEMENT 22/10/2015 NextBack © Teachable and Simon Ball. Some rights reserved.

STRUCTURES PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER 22/10/2015 NextBack PROTONS ELECTRONS NEUTRONS Oxygen is in GROUP 6 6 Electrons in outer shell! Oxygen is in PERIOD 2 2 Shells required!! © Teachable and Simon Ball. Some rights reserved.

STRUCTURES PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER 22/10/2015 NextBack PROTONS ELECTRONS NEUTRONS Phosphorus is in GROUP 5 5 Electrons in outer shell! Oxygen is in PERIOD 3 3 Shells required!! © Teachable and Simon Ball. Some rights reserved.

STRUCTURES PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER 22/10/2015 NextBack PROTONS ELECTRONS NEUTRONS , 8, 5 Phosphorus is in GROUP 5 5 Electrons in outer shell! Oxygen is in PERIOD 3 3 Shells required!! © Teachable and Simon Ball. Some rights reserved.

STRUCTURES MASS NUMBER & ATOMIC NUMBER 22/10/2015 NextBack Element Symbol Atomic Number (Proton Number) Mass Number When looking at the periodic table of elements, three important pieces of information are given for each element. All atoms of a particular element always have the same number of protons. © Teachable and Simon Ball. Some rights reserved.

STRUCTURES ATOMIC NUMBER 22/10/2015 NextBack Atomic Number (Proton Number ) The Atomic Number is the number of PROTONS in the atom for that particular element. For example, Lithium has 3 PROTONS. REMEMBER, Protons have a Positive charge…. …therefore it has a positive charge of +3. © Teachable and Simon Ball. Some rights reserved.

STRUCTURES ATOMIC NUMBER 22/10/2015 NextBack Atomic Number (Proton Number) REMEMBER… Atoms have an overall neutral charge. Therefore a Lithium Atom must also have….. …. 3 ELECTRONS (3+ and 3- = 0) © Teachable and Simon Ball. Some rights reserved.

STRUCTURES ATOMIC NUMBER EXAMPLE 22/10/2015 NextBack PROTONS ELECTRONS 8 8 OXYGEN © Teachable and Simon Ball. Some rights reserved.

STRUCTURES ATOMIC NUMBER QUESTIONS 22/10/2015 NextBack Basically, the Atomic Number tells us how many Protons there are and as a consequence the number of electrons in an atom. PROTONSELECTRONS 11 SODIUM 22HELIUM 66CARBON 10 NEON 11HYDROGEN 16 SULPHUR © Teachable and Simon Ball. Some rights reserved.

STRUCTURES MASS NUMBER 22/10/2015 NextBack Mass Number The Mass Number tell us how heavy an atom of that element would be in ATOMIC UNITS. For example, Lithium has a MASS of 7. REMEMBER… Only PROTONS and NEUTRONS have mass. © Teachable and Simon Ball. Some rights reserved.

STRUCTURES MASS NUMBER 22/10/2015 NextBack Mass Number The Mass Number must equal… No. Protons + No. Neutrons. Lithium has 3 Protons, therefore…. … 7 – 3 = 4 NEUTRONS!! 3PROTONS 3ELECTRONS 4NEUTRONS © Teachable and Simon Ball. Some rights reserved.

STRUCTURES WHAT WE KNOW SO FAR.. 22/10/2015 NextBack Atomic Number (Proton Number) Mass Number = No. of Protons + Neutrons = No. of Protons (or Electrons) What we Know so far…. © Teachable and Simon Ball. Some rights reserved.

STRUCTURES WHAT WE KNOW SO FAR.. 22/10/2015 NextBack Therefore.. Lithium Has: 3 Protons 3 Electrons 7 Protons and Neutrons No. of Neutrons = 7 – 3 = 4!! © Teachable and Simon Ball. Some rights reserved.

STRUCTURES WHAT WE KNOW SO FAR.. 22/10/2015 NextBack Another Example Boron Has: 5 Protons 5 Electrons 11 Protons and Neutrons No. of Neutrons = 11 – 5 = 6!! © Teachable and Simon Ball. Some rights reserved.

STRUCTURES QUESTIONS 22/10/2015 NextBack ELEMENT ATOMIC NUMBER MASS NUMBER No. of PROTONS No. of ELECTRONS No. of NEUTRONS CARBON SULPHUR IRON FLUORINE ARGON ZINC BORON TIN © Teachable and Simon Ball. Some rights reserved.

STRUCTURES ISOTOPES 22/10/2015 NextBack ALL atoms of a particular element ALWAYS have the same number of PROTONS. However some atoms of the same element can have a different number of NEUTRONS – these are called ISOTOPES Chlorine has two common isotopes: Cl 35 and Cl Protons 17 Electrons = 18 Neutrons 17 Protons 17 Electrons = 20 Neutrons © Teachable and Simon Ball. Some rights reserved.

STRUCTURES ISOTOPES 22/10/2015 NextBack Protons 1 Electrons 1-1 = 0 Neutrons 1 Protons 1 Electrons 2-1 = 1 Neutron Protons 6 Electrons 12-6 = 6 Neutrons 6 Protons 6 Electrons 14-6 = 8 Neutrons (The only Atom to have 0 Neutrons!) © Teachable and Simon Ball. Some rights reserved.