Core Issues in Digital Preservation: Audio and Video Jacob Nadal, Preservation Officer UCLA Library.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
3.01C Multimedia Elements and Guidelines 3.01 Explore multimedia systems, elements and presentations.
Advertisements

Multimedia: Digitised Sound Data Section 3. Sound in Multimedia Types: Voice Overs Special Effects Musical Backdrops Sound can make multimedia presentations.
Chapter 8-Video.
CS335 Principles of Multimedia Systems Audio Hao Jiang Computer Science Department Boston College Oct. 11, 2007.
4.1Different Audio Attributes 4.2Common Audio File Formats 4.3Balancing between File Size and Audio Quality 4.4Making Audio Elements Fit Our Needs.
Dale & Lewis Chapter 3 Data Representation Analog and digital information The real world is continuous and finite, data on computers are finite  need.
Information Sources And Signals
Motivation Application driven -- VoD, Information on Demand (WWW), education, telemedicine, videoconference, videophone Storage capacity Large capacity.
Image and Sound Editing Raed S. Rasheed Sound What is sound? How is sound recorded? How is sound recorded digitally ? How does audio get digitized.
EE442—Multimedia Networking Jane Dong California State University, Los Angeles.
1 CP Lecture 9 Media communication standards.
Introduction to Multimedia Student Multimedia Design Center 06/06/06.
-Multimedia Basics- Digital Video Integrating Technology into the Curriculum © Jim Lockard 2004.
AUDIO VIDEO FLASH DIGITAL MEDIA: COMMUNICATION AND DESIGN
Media Integration Issues
Representing Sound in a computer Analogue  Analogue sound is produced by being picked up by a transducer (microphone) and converted in an electrical current.
+ Video Compression Rudina Alhamzi, Danielle Guir, Scott Hansen, Joe Jiang, Jason Ostroski.
4.1 Digital Multimedia Elements
Time Code and Word Clock
Introduction to Sound Sounds are vibrations that travel though the air or some other medium A sound wave is an audible vibration that travels through.
Core Issues in Digital Preservation: Text and Images Jacob Nadal, Preservation Officer UCLA Library.
Introduction to Interactive Media 10: Audio in Interactive Digital Media.
CS 1308 Computer Literacy and the Internet. Creating Digital Pictures  A traditional photograph is an analog representation of an image.  Digitizing.
ECE242 L30: Compression ECE 242 Data Structures Lecture 30 Data Compression.
Video Basics. Agenda Digital Video Compressing Video Audio Video Encoding in tools.
AVI File Format By : Jacob, Bab and Conor. Basic operation Presented By: Conor.
Audio. Why Audio Essential tool for – Interface – Narrative – Setting & Mood.
Multimedia I (Audio/Video Data) CS423, Fall 2007 Klara Nahrstedt/Sam King 9/19/20151.
Allison Schein.  Adobe Audition (  Recommended program, metadata creation and manipulation is easy and complete.
MULTIMEDIA - WHAT IS IT? DEFINITION 1: Uses a VARIETY of media ELEMENTS for instruction Media elements are: text, sound, graphics, moving images (real.
3. Multimedia Systems Technology
Video Video.
Sound or Audio, whichever you prefer –MIDI Files.midi or.mid (Musical Instrument Digital Interface) use for instrumental music. –This format is supported.
HTML Use of Multimedia on web page. HTML Media Q. How to call Image file in our web page ? A. That is the easy syntax for defining an image. 2.
Module 8 Review Questions 1.VGA stands for A. Video Graphic Association B. Video Gradient Array C. Video Graphic Array D. Video Graphic Arrangement.
Document Formats How to Build a Digital Library Ian H. Witten and David Bainbridge.
Video.
More Meaningful Jargon Or, All You Need to Know to Speak Like a Geek Sound.
How Analog and Digital Recording Works Analog converted to digital via an ADV (Analog to Digital Converter = stream of numbers) On playback: digital converted.
Digital Image Capture of Musical Scores Jenn Riley, Indiana University Digital Library Program Ichiro Fujinaga, McGill University.
MULTIMEDIA INPUT / OUTPUT TECHNOLOGIES
Digital Audio System PCM streams have two basic properties that determine their fidelity to the original analog signal: the sampling rate, which is the.
Media Types Information Systems can contain the following types of media: Sound, graphics, video & text.
Multimedia and weBLOGging Grade 7-9 | Cahaya Bangsa Classical School (C) 2010 Digital Media Production Facility 04 – Audio Basic.
Digital Video Digital video is basically a sequence of digital images  Processing of digital video has much in common with digital image processing First.
CSCI-100 Introduction to Computing Hardware Part II.
IT2002 ATI Naiwala 1 By ATI Naiwala. IT2002 ATI Naiwala Combination of time Variant Image and Sound – Most realistic media Dynamic Huge data size(Very.
The Digital Revolution Changing information. What is Digital?  Discrete values used for  Input  Processing  Transmission  Storage  Display  Derived.
Chapter 1 Background 1. In this lecture, you will find answers to these questions Computers store and transmit information using digital data. What exactly.
Audio Streaming © Nanda Ganesan, Ph.D.. Audio File Features Audio file is a record of captured sound that can be played back –The WAV File is an example.
Sound. Sound Capture We capture, or record, sound by a process called sampling: “measuring” the sound some number of times per second. Sampling rate is.
Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) Analog voice data must be translated into a series of binary digits before they can be transmitted. With Pulse Code Modulation.
By :- Ishank Ranjan Akash Gupta. Audio & Audio File Formats Audio is an electrical or other representation of sound. An audio file format is a file format.
Level 3 Extended Diploma Unit 19 Computer Systems Architecture
Video Basics.
Digital Video File Formats
VIDEO.
"Digital Media Primer" Yue-Ling Wong, Copyright (c)2013 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved.
Multimedia: Digitised Sound Data
PCM (Pulse Code Modulation)
3.01C Multimedia Fair Uses Guidelines and Elements
Overview What is Multimedia? Characteristics of multimedia
Multimedia: making it Work
Web Design and Development
3.01C Multimedia Elements and Guidelines
3.01C Multimedia Fair Uses Guidelines and Elements
3.01C Multimedia Fair Uses Guidelines and Elements
3.01C Multimedia Elements and Guidelines
(c) V/2-Com (Verhaart) Multimedia Elements & standards 4/15/2019 (c) V/2-Com (Verhaart)
Presentation transcript:

Core Issues in Digital Preservation: Audio and Video Jacob Nadal, Preservation Officer UCLA Library

Audio

Core of Audio Preservation Formats: Uncompressed Linear Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) PCM was developed by Alec Reeves in 1937 Basically, takes a sample of the sound wave at regular points – Quantization errors: when the sampling misses parts of the signal – Clock errors: the time drifts and distorts the sample

Audio WAVE (.wav) format is the norm for digital audio preservation Broadcast WAVE (.bwf) standard flavor of.wav for audio preservation – BWF is a WAV file plus a header with metadata – Metadata facilitates file editing and identification – “Catastrophe Metadata” for basic ID, not full descriptive metadata – Some tools are better (or worse) about respecting metadata headers: ask questions

Other formats Real Audio, Quicktime (a wrapper for other audio), Windows Media, MP3, etc. Similar problem to images formats – useful for delivery today, but compression, intellectual property, proprietary formats, etc., make for preservation problems – There are some open, lossless formats that are technically fine, but poorly supported. WAV is open and widely used.

What’s in an audio file Waveforms, one per channel. – Mono = 1, Stereo = 2, 5.1 = 6 channels Perhaps some metadata, in BWF especially A WAV file can hold up to 4.1 GB of data; W64, lots more.

Resolution CD audio is 44.1 kHz (44,100 samples per second) Most digital preservation engineers favor 96 kHz – Extra sampling capacity helps avoid errors, provides finer reproduction of sound

Bit Depth CD audio is 16-bit, which allows up to 65,536 levels of amplitude, between 0-96dB 24-bit audio has a theoretical maximum of 16.7 million levels from dB – Current digital audio converters are limited to ~120 dB because of practical limits on integrated circuit design 96khz/24-bit surpasses limits of human hearing – Some signals encode data not meant for humans

Bit Depth Resolution

Video & Moving Image

Moving Image & Video Emergent areas in digital preservation Today: touch on the highlights, brief survey of problems, and some context Consider this a basic education prior to: – Seeking further help – Migrating lots of video data in the near future

Moving Images (Film) Sequence of images – Bit depth and resolution – Frames per second Audio data (visual waveforms printed onto the film)

Moving Images (Video) Video is a way of recording image and audio electronically Video has a specific resolution derived from a fixed number of scan lines 720x480i60 from 486 scan lines is SECAM standard 720x480 are picture dimensions i60 indicates interlacing 6 lines for (graphical, not textual) metadata

One Line of Video

Video Color: YUV Three Channels: Luminance (Y) and 2 types of Chroma: Red minus Luminance (U, or R-Y) Blue minus Luminance (U, or B-y) Sampling Video requires capturing 4 levels of Luminance info and some degree of color information, usually 2 levels each. Standard is for video is 10-bit (of digital color), Uncompressed (no compression in the file), 4:2:2 (sampled from the source using all the Luminance and Chroma information..AVI or.MOV are both used. JPEG 2000 is in use by Library of Congress, but very few others. Compatibility and authoring tools are obstacles for JP2K.

4 Luminance Pixels, then 1, 2, or 4 Red-Luminance (R-Y) or Blue-Liminance (B-Y)

Digital Video (Masters) Standards and practices developing – Uncompressed desirable, but high storage costs – Compression is normal in video, but may cause preservation problems Uncompressed.AVI is the current safe bet – Motion JP2K & MPEG21 may be options Pick one, but plan on a migration

Digital Video (Delivery) H.264 is standard – Often delivered via Flash Video (FLV) Several more-or-less proprietary options (Quicktime, Real, Windows Media) HTML 5 is emerging video delivery platform Pick one, but plan on a migration

AUDIO AND VIDEO Q&A

Infopeople webinars are supported by the U.S. Institute of Museum and Library Services under the provisions of the Library Services and Technology Act, administered in California by the State Librarian. This material is licensed under a Creative Commons 3.0 Share & Share-Alike license. Use of this material should credit the author and funding source.