I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e 1 GPS Operations Past, Present, Future Colonel John E. Hyten Commander, 50th Space Wing 29 Mar 2007

I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e 2 Overview Our Mission The Past ( ) The Present ( ) The Future Conclusion

I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e 3 Our Mission Provide the best space-based positioning, navigation, and timing capability in the world 24/7/365 Our Focus Delivery of terrestrial effects

I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e 4 The Past ( ) Focused on fielding an initial capability Establishment of satellite operations Developing and deploying a maturing technology Primary concern was satellite ops, not effects Growing pains Civilian users forced to work around selective availability (SA) Military user equipment demands grew faster than fielding L MHz P(Y)C/AP(Y) L MHz IOC, Dec 1993 FOC, Apr 1995 Signals in Space SA off

I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e 5 Commercial Use 1991 Approximately 15,000 civilian receivers Primary uses Land surveying Maritime navigation Precision timing Civilian Magnavox MX4400 GPS navigation receiver Challenge: Degradation caused by SA

I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e 6 DESERT STORM Military GPS begins to proliferate Approximately 10,000 civilian and 8,000 military user sets utilized by the US during DESERT STORM Only 5% of troops utilized GPS GPS uses Aircraft - 28% GPS Equipped Ships - 20% GPS Equipped Weapons - 7% GPS Equipped Vehicles - 14% GPS Equipped Challenges: Partial constellation, lack of user equipment

I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e 7 The Present ( ) Transitioning from satellite ops focus to effects-based ops GPS Ops Center (GPSOC) Increased accuracy and signal integrity providing improved military effects Incorporated NGA GPS data (10-50% accuracy improvement) First “zero age of data” used in combat - Small Diameter Bomb GPS Modernization initiated with new military/civil signals Lack of full synchronization across all segments P(Y) code C/A code P(Y) code C/A code M code Signals in Space M code L MHz L2(C) MHz

I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e 8 Today’s Civilian Market Over 15,000,000 civilian receivers Primary uses – commerce and safety of life Cell phone communication/ precision timing source Navigational purposes (airlines, trucking, recreational) Surveying and geodesy (oil drilling, mapping) Precision agriculture Intelligent railroads Just-in-time delivery

I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e 9 9/11 Defense & Security of the Homeland Need for fully integrated GPS operations Critical infrastructure GPS enabled emergency & recovery vehicles/systems GPS enabled public transportation Increased safety & efficiency Many states include GPS enabled “action desk” in emergency operations centers

I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e 10 OEF / OIF Military GPS proliferation Over 100,000 user sets used by the US military GPS uses Land, air and sea navigation Precision weapon delivery Blue Force Tracking (BFT) … but the numbers don’t tell the whole story DAGR Challenge: Failure to meet IS-GPS-200

I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e 11 A Fundamental Change in Warfare

I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e 12 The Future Full system integration Ground / Space / User developing a synergistic effect Focused on the ground vs space Satellite ops simplified and effects based ops the focus Responsive, automated space operations Integrate multiple military / civilian signals Makes GPS more robust; not as susceptible to interference L MHz L2(C) MHz L MHz P(Y) code C/A code M code Signals in Space # Satellites: ?? Mil/Civ Position Accuracy: sub-3m & improved integrity

I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e 13 Future Effects Military More robust signal strength Ability to fight against jamming Over-The-Air-Re-key and targeting Augment Transformational Communication Netted sensors Civilians Future signals will provide more reliability and accuracy Transportation automation Better precision in industry applications Automated revenue/tolls collection Unlimited potential Challenge: Integrating multiple signals just now coming online for maximum effect

I n t e g r i t y - S e r v i c e - E x c e l l e n c e 14 Conclusion Our Vision Continue to provide the best space-based positioning, navigation, and timing capability in the world Our Focus Improve delivery of terrestrial effects