Unit 1: Introduction to the Study of Living Things Biology: What is it all about?

A. Biology and Science 1. What is biology? a. ________ - _______________. The science of life and of living organisms, including their _________, ________, _______, _______, _________, and distribution. b. _________ – _________________________ c. _________

B. Science 1. Scientific Method = _____________________ - Basic Procedure to follow for _____________________ _________________________________________ - Scientific Inquiry begins with making ________________ 2. Steps of the Scientific Method: a. State the _____________ b. Propose a _________________ Hypothesis = a ___________ about the possible answer based on previous knowledge c. ____________ ____________ = factors that are manipulated during an experiment _________________ = an experiment in which ________ ______________________ d. _____________________ e. _____________________ f. ______________________

3. Scientific Facts a. ___________ = information based on experimentation observations and tests demonstrate _______________ to the scientist b. _________ = explains a ______________, ideas about a specific situation or similar situation ex: ___________________________ Theories are changed and modified based on new scientific evidence c. ______________ = once a theory has been tested many times over many years and is ______________________ then it becomes a scientific law. ex: Law of Gravity

C. Living vs. Non-living List Living and Non-living things

D. Characteristics of Life 1. Living things are _________________________________ _______________________________________________. 2. Living things are ____________________________, ____ ______________________________________________. 3. Living things _____________________. 4. Living things have a ______________________________. 5. Living things have a ____________________________. 6. Living things ___________________. 7. Living things ________________________________. 8. Living things are __________________________. 9. Living things ___________________________________. 8 & 9 are true for the species not the individual

10. ____________________? - Viruses are like M&Ms – they have an outer candy coating and a rich chocolate center - On a virus the outside is made of _______ and the inside is _____ or _______ - __________________________ - Viruses are ____________ – not ____________ - Viruses trick their way into cells and _________________________ _____________

1. ____________ = activity by which the organism ___________ _________________________________________________. D. Life Processes - Also called life activities - These are the activities that all living things do to stay alive a. ______ = the ______________ __________________ for energy, growth, repair, maintenance, and the life processes. ___________ _______________ ___________________ Water, Vitamins, and Minerals

b. 3 Processes involved in Nutrition: i. ______________ = _______ of food from the environment. ii. ___________ = _________ of complex food materials into simpler forms that an organism can utilize. Digestion = __________________ iii. ____________ = _____________ of undigested materials

c. 2 Types of Nutrition: i. ________________________ Autotrophic nutrition is the process by which organisms ______________________________________________ ex: ___________ = Autotrophs use photosynthesis for autotrophic nutrition Carbon Dioxide + Water  Sugar + Oxygen ______________________________________________________ ii. _________________________________ Heterotrophic nutrition is the process by which organisms _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________. Heterotrophs use _______________________________ ex: Humans, animals, fungus, and many bacteria are heterotrophs

2. _________________ Transport is the life process by which ___________________ ________________________________________________. Materials can either enter the cells directly or as in larger organisms materials are moved throughout the body by a circulatory system.

3. ____________________________________ Cellular Respiration is the life process of _________________ ________________________________________ Food materials are broken down into energy, water, and carbon dioxide. Cellular Respiration is _________________ i. _________________________ _______________ from the environment carried by mitochondria inside the cell ii. ____________________ ___________________________ from the environment does not use the mitochondria iii. ____________ ATP is the _____________ made from cellular respiration All cells use ATP as their _________________________

. 4. _____________________________ i. Synthesis = ____________________________ into more _____________________________. ________________________ ii. _____________ = ________ of material into the organism's body

=. 5. _____________________ Growth is an ____________________ Growth results from synthesis and assimilation _________________________ = when cells transform to have specific jobs ex: in human growth, life starts as one cell but forms many different body parts In most animals growth is a finite process. It has an end, but in some plants, growth has no definite end

6. ______________ Excretion is the life process of _______________________ from the body Many different types of wastes: _________________________________________ 7. _____________________ Regulation is the life process used ____________________ the organism Regulation is carried out by the _____________ and/or __________________

8. ___________________________ Reproduction is the life process by which organisms _______ ____________________________________ i. ______________________________ a _____________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ex: Clones, fission, budding vegetative propagation ii. ________________________________ there are ________________________________________ ____________________

9. ___________________________ Metabolism is the __________________________________ occurring within the cells of an organism Metabolism is _____________________________________ Metabolism involves _______________________________ _______________________________________________ 10. __________________________ Homeostasis is the ________________________________ _____________________________ Homeostasis is keeping the organism in ___________ even though the environment is changing Uses ______________ mechanisms to help maintain a ____________________________

EX: Regulation of blood flow through an elephant's ears to help keep it cool. EX: Shiver  a reaction to keep your body warm when you are cold. EX: Increased heart rate during exercise EX: Immune system responding to foreign substances in your body