AP Biology 2004-2005 Chapter 25. Phylogeny & Systematics An unexpected family tree. What are the evolutionary relationships among a human, a mushroom,

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Chapter 17 Table of Contents Section 1 Biodiversity
Advertisements

LG 4 Outline Evolutionary Relationships and Classification
Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics. The Fossil Record And Geologic Time Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics.
Chapter 25 ~ Phylogeny & Systematics. Phylogeny: the evolutionary history of a species Systematics:Systematics: the study of biological diversity in an.
Classifying the Diversity of Life – Systematics: Study of the diversification of living forms, both past and present, and their relationships – Taxonomy:
LEQ: How do biologist organize living things?
Phylogeny Systematics Cladistics
Chapter 17 Table of Contents Section 1 Biodiversity
Phylogeny and Systematics
PHYLOGENY AND SYSTEMATICS
CHAPTER 25 PHYLOGENY AND SYSTEMATICS. Phylogeny- the evolutionary history of a species or group of related species. The Fossil Record and Geological Time.
Phylogeny and Systematics By: Ashley Yamachika. Biologists use systematics They use systematics as an analytical approach to understanding the diversity.
CHAPTER 25 TRACING PHYLOGENY. I. PHYLOGENY AND SYSTEMATICS A.TAXONOMY EMPLOYS A HIERARCHICAL SYSTEM OF CLASSIFICATION  SYSTEMATICS, THE STUDY OF BIOLOGICAL.
Topic : Phylogenetic Reconstruction I. Systematics = Science of biological diversity. Systematics uses taxonomy to reflect phylogeny (evolutionary history).
Phylogeny & The Tree of Life. Phylogeny  The evolutionary history of a species or group of species.
Phylogeny and the Tree of Life
Classification Organizing the Diversity of Life. Why do we classify things? – Supermarket aisles – Libraries – Classes – Teams/sports – Members of a family.
Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics. Macroevolution Attempts to explain how major adaptive characteristics came into existence These characteristics.
Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics. The Fossil Record And Geologic Time Chapter 25 Phylogeny and Systematics.
AP Biology Chapter 25. Phylogeny & Systematics An unexpected family tree. What are the evolutionary relationships among a human, a mushroom,
Warm-Up 1.Contrast adaptive radiation vs. convergent evolution? Give an example of each. 2.What is the correct sequence from the most comprehensive to.
Chapter 26 Phylogeny and the Tree of Life
D.N.A (LET’S CLASSIFY) ROOT WORD – DI (apart/away) Objective: SWBAT explain how phylogenetic trees and cladograms are graphical representations of evolution.
Lecture #11 Date _______ Chapter 26 ~ Phylogeny & Systematics.
Chapter 25 ~ Phylogeny & Systematics. Phylogeny: the evolutionary history of a species Used to organize species by examing ancestors and descendantsUsed.
PHYLOGENY AND SYSTEMATICS Chapter 25. Sedimentary rocks are the richest source of fossils  Fossils are the preserved remnants or impressions left by.
Lecture #11 Date _______ Chapter 25 ~ Phylogeny & Systematics.
PHYLOGENY and SYSTEMATICS CHAPTER 25. VOCABULARY Phylogeny – evolutionary history of a species or related species Systematics – study of biological diversity.
Phylogeny & the Tree of Life
Phylogeny & Systematics Chapter 25. Phylogeny: the evolutionary history of a species.
PHYLOGENY AND THE TREE OF LIFE CH 26. I. Phylogenies show evolutionary relationships A. Binomial nomenclature: – Genus + species name Homo sapiens.
Phylogeny & Systematics
{ Early Earth and the Origin of Life Chapter 15.  The Earth formed 4.6 billion years ago  Earliest evidence for life on Earth  Comes from 3.5 billion-year-old.
Chapter 26 Phylogeny and Systematics. Tree of Life Phylogeny – evolutionary history of a species or group - draw information from fossil record - organisms.
Chapter 25: Phylogeny and Systematics Phylogeny = the evolutionary history of a species Systematics = study of biological diversity in an evolutionary.
Chapter 18 Phylogeny and the Tree of Life. Phylogeny u Phylon = tribe, geny = genesis or origin u The evolutionary history of a species or a group of.
Chapter 26 Phylogeny and the Tree of Life
Phylogeny and Taxonomy. Phylogeny and Systematics The evolutionary history of a species or related species Reconstructing phylogeny is done using evidence.
Students -LL Ch 22 – 24: Due Monday -Trouble in Paradise: Due Tuesday -Galapagos sent -Phones in bin….muted or off…please & thank you.
Section 2: Modern Systematics
Phylogeny & the Tree of Life
Phylogeny and the Tree of Life
Section 2: Modern Systematics
Phylogeny and Systematics
Phylogeny & Systematics
Phylogeny and the Tree of Life
Phylogeny & Systematics
Phylogeny & Systematics
Lecture #11 Date _______ Chapter 25 ~ Phylogeny & Systematics.
Warm-Up Contrast adaptive radiation vs. convergent evolution? Give an example of each. What is the correct sequence from the most comprehensive to least.
Warm-Up Contrast adaptive radiation vs. convergent evolution? Give an example of each. What is the correct sequence from the most comprehensive to least.
Chapter 25 Phylogeny and the Tree of Life
Phylogeny and the Tree of Life
Phylogeny and the Tree of Life
Phylogeny and Systematics
18.2 Modern Systematics I. Traditional Systematics
Phylogeny and Systematics
Phylogeny and Systematics LECTURE #33
Phylogeny and the Tree of Life
Warm-Up Contrast adaptive radiation vs. convergent evolution? Give an example of each. What is the correct sequence from the most comprehensive to least.
Phylogeny and Systematics (Part 6)
Phylogeny & Systematics
Phylogeny and the Tree of Life
Chapter 26- Phylogeny and Systematics
Warm-Up Contrast adaptive radiation vs. convergent evolution? Give an example of each. What is the correct sequence from the most comprehensive to least.
Phylogeny and the Tree of Life
Warm-Up Contrast adaptive radiation vs. convergent evolution? Give an example of each. What is the correct sequence from the most comprehensive to least.
Phylogeny & Systematics
Phylogeny & Systematics
Phylogeny & Systematics
Presentation transcript:

AP Biology Chapter 25. Phylogeny & Systematics An unexpected family tree. What are the evolutionary relationships among a human, a mushroom, and a tulip? Molecular systematics has revealed that— despite appearances—animals, including humans, and fungi, such as mushrooms, are more closely related to each other than either are to plants.

AP Biology Phylogeny & Systematics  Phylogeny  evolutionary history of a species  based on common ancestries inferred from  fossil record  morphological & biochemical resemblances  molecular evidence (DNA)  Systematics  connects classification system to phylogeny by categorizing & naming organisms

AP Biology Fossil record  Sedimentary rock are richest source of fossils  fossil record is a substantial, but incomplete, chronicle of evolutionary history  incomplete historical documents of biology  history of life on Earth is punctuated by mass extinctions 5000 year old ice mummy found on an Alpine ridge dividing Austria from Italy at 10,500 feet above sea level.

AP Biology Paleontology  Study of fossils  fossils provide the strongest evidence of change  links past & current organisms Woolly mammoth tusks

AP Biology Fossils

AP Biology Building phylogenies  Morphological & molecular homologies  similarities based on shared ancestries  Ex. bone structure  Ex. DNA sequences  beware of analogous structures  CONVERGENT EVOLUTION marsupial mole placental mole

AP Biology Evaluating molecular homologies  Aligning DNA sequences  more bases in common = more closely related  analyzed by software beware of molecular homologies

AP Biology Systematics  Connecting classification to phylogeny  hierarchical system  Carolus Linnaeas  latin binomial  genus (homo)  Species (sapiens)

AP Biology  Connection between classification & phylogeny Tracing possible evolutionary relationships between some of the taxa of the order Carnivora, a branch of the class Mammalia. Building trees

AP Biology Illustrating phylogeny  Cladograms  patterns of shared characteristics Classify organisms according to the order in time at which branches arise along a phylogenetic tree

AP Biology Molecular Systematics  Hypothesizing phylogenies using molecular data  apply principle of parsimony  simplest explanation  fewest evolutionary events that explain data

AP Biology Parsimony & analogy vs. homology Phylogenetic trees are hypotheses Which is the most parsimonious tree?

AP Biology Modern Systematics  Shaking up some trees! Crocodiles are now thought to be closer to birds than other reptiles