Characteristics of Living Things and Classification What makes something living? How do we organize living things?

Biology Bio- life Bio- life Ology- study of Ology- study of What are they looking at?

BIOLOGY: THE STUDY OF LIFE. ALIVE OR NOT ALIVE???? ALIVE OR NOT ALIVE???? Scientists have not really decided upon a single definition of life, but it is determined by the actions of life functions carried on by an organism. Scientists have not really decided upon a single definition of life, but it is determined by the actions of life functions carried on by an organism. Click for biology song

I. Organization of Living Things ORGANISM BODY SYSTEMS ORGANS TISSUES CELLS ORGANELLES MOLECULESMULTICELLULARORGANISMS UNICELLULARORGANISMS SIMPLE COMPLEX

II. 4 Characteristics of ALL Living Things A. Living things are made of CELLS that contain DNA B. Living things have a METABOLISM to help them use ENERGY to live, grow, and develop C. Living things maintain HOMEOSTASIS – (a stable internal environment) D. Living things REPRODUCE

Characteristics of Living Things(5:31)

III. Similarities and Differences Among Living Things A. L iving things go about the 4 characteristics in similar AND different ways B. 8 Life processes that are similar and different among living things: 1. O btaining NUTRIENTS 2. T RANSPORT of materials throughout organism 3. B reaking down nutrients to get energy (CELLULAR RESPIRATION) 4. C ombining simple substances to make more complex substances (SYNTHESIS) 5. G ROWTH 6. R emoval of waste products (EXCRETION) 7. R ESPONDING to internal and external stimuli 8. R EPRODUCING

Simple to Complex: (1:53)

IV. Helping Vocabulary A. Number of cells: 1. Multicellular: a) Made of many cells b) Examples: Plant, Animals 2. Unicellular: a) Made of one cell – ex. Bacteria, Paramecium, Ameba, Euglena, Yeast Copy down all of the examples

B. Nucleus? 1. Eukaryote: a) Cells contain a nucleus 2. Prokaryote: a) Cells lack a nucleus C. Mode of nutrition: 1. Heterotroph: a) Need to obtain food ex. humans 2. Autotroph: a) Can make their own food ex. plants a) Can make their own food by a process called photosynthesis ex. plants

The Five Kingdoms: (3:52)

The 5 Kingdoms Similarities and Differences in life processes has grouped organisms into 5 different kingdoms Similarities and Differences in life processes has grouped organisms into 5 different kingdomsAnimaliaFungiPlantaeProtistaMonera UNICELLULAR MULTICELLULAR EUKARYOTIC PROKARYOTIC

V. Obtaining Nutrients (FOOD! ) A. Heterotroph 1. Gets nutrients from the environment 2. Kingdoms: Animalia, Fungi, Some Protista and Monera Animalia, Fungi, Some Protista and Monera B. Autotroph 1. Makes own food 2. Kingdoms: Plantae and some Protists (photosynthesis), some Bacteria (chemosynthesis) Plantae and some Protists (photosynthesis), some Bacteria (chemosynthesis)

Quiz Time… 1. What does prokaryote mean? 2. Give an example of a prokaryote. 3. What does autotroph mean? 4. Give an example of an autotroph. 5. Name 3 of the 5 Kingdoms. 6. What does the nucleus of a cell hold?

VII. Transport of materials Unicellular Orgs: Unicellular Orgs: Transport within cytoplasm Transport within cytoplasm Kingdoms: Kingdoms: Protista, Monera Protista, Monera Multicellular Orgs: Multicellular Orgs: Transport within liquids and tubes Transport within liquids and tubes Kingdoms: Kingdoms: Animalia, Plantae, Fungi Animalia, Plantae, Fungi

VIII. Reproduction A. Asexual: 1. One parent 2. Offspring genetically identical (clones) 3. Kingdoms: Some Fungi, Protista, Monera Some Fungi, Protista, Monera B. Sexual: 1. Two parents 2. Offspring genetically different from parents 3. Kingdoms: Some Fungi, Plantae, Animalia Some Fungi, Plantae, Animalia

IX: Classification of Living Things Why classify organisms? Why classify organisms? For easy identification For easy identification For evolutionary comparison of organisms For evolutionary comparison of organisms Organisms are grouped into large categories based on similarities Organisms are grouped into large categories based on similarities Once in a group, organisms are separated based on differences Once in a group, organisms are separated based on differences Modern Classification System ………classify from broad to specific

Classification of Living Things 5 Kingdoms Phyla (s. Phylum) ClassOrderFamilyGenusSpecies DIVIDED INTO # OF ORGANISMS DECREASES DIFFERENCES AMONG ORGS INCREASES

Acronym to help remember! King Phillip Called Oprah For Good Spices

Classification of Humans KINGDOM: Animalia PHYLUM: Chordata Has backbone Has backbone CLASS: Mammalia Females have mammary glands Females have mammary glands ORDER: Primates Larger brain size Larger brain size FAMILY: Hominidae GENUS: Homo SPECIES: sapiens

Scientific Naming Referred to as Binomial Nomenclature (2 name naming system) Referred to as Binomial Nomenclature (2 name naming system) A. Scientific name = Genus + species 1. species is not capitalized 2. Both are always italicized or underlined Ex. Homo sapiens or Homo sapiens Ex. Homo sapiens or Homo sapiens B. Abbreviation: 1. First letter of genus (capitalized), followed by species Ex. H. sapiens Ex. H. sapiens Scientists have only identified and named a FRACTION of all living organisms on Earth!!!! Scientists have only identified and named a FRACTION of all living organisms on Earth!!!!

Canis lupus – grey wolf