Challenge Program: High Value Crops - Fruits and Vegetables Plugging the income and nutrition gap in food security development

Global Horticulture Assessment 2005

Priorities: 10 most important crops 1. Tomato 8. Potato 2. Mango 9. Papaya 3. Banana 10. Ornamentals 4. Onion 5. Cabbage 6. Citrus 7. Pineapple

10 most underutilized high potential crops 1. Guava 8. Leafy vegetables 2. Indigenous vegetables 9. Mango 3. Avocado 10. Hot pepper 4. Ornamentals 5. Papaya 6. Tomato 7. Squash

Most important crops across all regions

Underutilized and high potential crops across all regions

Most important crops in sub-Saharan Africa

Underutilized/high potential crops in Sub-Saharan Africa

Constraints to horticulture in Africa

Constraints to horticulture in Asia

Fruits & Vegetables

Sub-Saharan Africa

Top 10 Fruits & Vegetables in SSA – Area Source: FAOSTAT, 2007

South Asia

Top 10 Fruits and Vegetables in South Asia - Area Source: FAOSTAT, 2007

Production of fruit and vegetables Source: FAOSTAT, 2007

Diversification into horticulture Only small productivity increases Increasing area under horticultural production 1990: 75 million ha 2005: 105 million ha Substitution of Staple crops Traditional cash crops

Share of fruit and vegetables in global cropped area Source: FAOSTAT, 2007

Increasing production for export Driven by global supply chains Facilitated by trade liberalization Important income source for some countries i.e. Kenya: 13% of GDP Less than 10% of global fruit and vegetable production for export

Export value of fruit and vegetables Source: FAOSTAT, 2007

Domestic supply chains Volume and value larger than export markets Continue to be dominated by informal chains (“wet markets”) Sector characterized by very rapid change Supermarket growth More sophisticated, more integrated supply chains Changing procurement system Shorter supply chains Increasing importance of contract farming

Increasing horticultural production Total production growth 1990: 816 million MT 2005: 1.4 billion MT Growth in per capita supply Fruit and vegetable: 1.6% Cereals: 0.4% Large regional differences China (world largest producer), India Kenya, Zambia, Senegal, Madagascar

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Area Harvested (million ha) Sub-Saharan Africa   Area Harvested (million ha) 1995 2005 1 Unclassified vegetables 1.68 1.96 2 Bananas 0.84 0.98 3 Minor citrus fruit 0.73 0.83 4 Chillies and peppers 0.54 5 Unclassified fruit 0.66 0.70 6 Maize, green 0.38 7 Tomatoes 0.25 8 Okra 0.32 0.36 9 Guavas, mangoes, mangosteens 0.26 0.35 10 Pineapples 0.18 0.23 F+V 6.99 8.42

Area Harvested (million ha) South Asia   Area Harvested (million ha) 1995 2005 1 Unclassified vegetables 2.80 3.79 2 Guavas, mangoes, mangosteens 1.44 1.83 3 Unclassified fruit 1.14 1.28 4 Chillies and peppers 1.10 1.21 5 Bananas 0.49 0.77 6 Onions 0.50 0.75 7 Tomatoes 0.39 0.61 8 Eggplants 0.44 0.53 9 Pumpkins, squash and gourds 0.38 0.42 10 Okra 0.43 F+V 11.54 14.51

Share of Global Fruit & Vegetable Production

Production of Fruits & Vegetables   Area share (%) Production share (%) 1995 2005 Sub-Saharan Africa Unclassified vegetables 24.0 23.3 21.9 22.4 Bananas 12.1 11.6 12.5 11.7 Minor citrus fruit 10.5 9.9 8.8 7.3 Unclassified fruit 9.5 8.6 7.5 6.8 Chillies and peppers 7.7 8.3 6.1 6.6 Maize, green 5.4 4.5 5.0 4.7 Okra 4.6 4.2 Guavas, mangoes, mangosteens 3.7 4.3 4.4 Tomatoes 3.6 4.1 3.4 Pineapples 2.6 2.7 3.3 South Asia 24.3 26.1 21.3 26.2 12.6 11.2 12.0 10.0 7.6 Onions, dry 5.3 5.9 5.6 5.2 5.5 Eggplants 3.8 4.9 3.9 2.9 Pumpkins, squash and gourds

Production Share: South Asia – Sub-Saharan Africa   Production share (%) South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Okra 68.2 23.6 Minor citrus fruit 1.3 58.4 Guavas, mangoes, mangosteens 44.9 8.6 Unclassified fruit 27.6 10.0 Bananas 24.3 8.9 Eggplants 27.2 1.1 Pumpkins, squash and gourds 20.0 4.3 Pineapples 9.0 14.8 Unclassified vegetables 15.7 5.1 Onions 12.9 4.1 Maize, green 0.0 15.6 Chillies and peppers 5.7 5.5 Tomatoes 6.6 3.0

Production of Fruits & Vegetables   2005 (metric tonnes) Production Production share (%) South Asia SSA World Bananas 17,886,319 6,545,762 73,676,901 24.3 8.9 Chillies and peppers 1,559,092 1,501,062 27,425,992 5.7 5.5 Citrus fruit, nec 88,000 3,841,220 6,574,816 1.3 58.4 Eggplants 8,371,740 335,001 30,833,171 27.2 1.1 Fruit, nec 11,376,600 4,116,486 41,229,573 27.6 10.0 Guavas, mangoes, mangosteens 12,809,730 2,467,258 28,548,305 44.9 8.6 Maize, green 1,444,475 9,243,104 0.0 15.6 Okra 3,659,239 1,264,688 5,368,023 68.2 23.6 Onions 7,963,515 2,558,898 61,855,849 12.9 4.1 Pineapples 1,593,325 2,616,037 17,686,339 9.0 14.8 Pumpkins, squash and gourds 4,060,809 866,133 20,316,525 20.0 4.3 Tomatoes 8,211,649 3,719,410 124,426,995 6.6 3.0 Vegetables, nec 38,920,376 12,600,502 248,362,619 15.7 5.1

Increasing volume of vegetable exports