Review Everything you need to know for the 1 st Quarter Test

Any website address is known as a URL. What does URL stand for?

Universal Resource Locator

What is the name of the first Internet, before I was called the internet?

ARPANET

What does GB stand for?

GIGABYTE

The key to good OS design is consistency. Apple completely gets this point with the positioning of the ______ at the bottom and their search function. Microsoft gambled with Windows 8 by removing the _____ ______ and replacing it with tiles.

Dock Start Button / Start Menu

The purpose of an Operating System is to ensure that a computer behaves in a _________ and _________ manner.

Flexible Predictable

What is the term used for a local collection of computers sharing information?

Network

An OS where hundreds of people can all use the same resource at the same time is called a _______-_______ OS.

Multi-User

The main brain of a computer, which does all the thinking.

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

What does LAN stand for?

LOCAL AREA NETWORK

You are used to counting in a base-10 system, otherwise known as the __________ system.

Decimal system, deci- meaning of 10

The CPU takes ________ from things like the keyboard and mouse and turns them into _______ like words on your screen.

INPUT / OUTPUT

The ____________ is the foremost piece of data on a hard drive that tells the BIOS how to load the OS.

Bootstrap

What device holds the names of computers with personal addresses so data gets where it needs to go?

Router

What are the two most common input devices?

An OS inside a sealed box is called a _____-_____ OS.

Real-Time

This item is where all your long term data storage is saved.

HARD DRIVE

What is the protocol that breaks up data for transmission?

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

The OS manages resources such as the ___, ___, and _____ ________ to ensure that all programs get the appropriate amount of resources to function.

CPU RAM Hard Drive

What are the numbers used in binary to represent values of digits?

0 and 1

What is the name of the system that assigns numeric names to computers to make sure data goes to the right places?

IP Address

What does ROM stand for?

READ ONLY MEMORY

What does RAM stand for?

RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY

This is what you commonly call a folder. It’s technical name is _________________.

DIRECTORY

In binary: – ___ stands for off – ___ stands for on

In binary: – 0 stands for off – 1 stands for on

A byte is represented by what letter?

A CAPITAL B

Bytes are counted in what system?

The metric system

TCP breaks up data into chunks called _______________.

Packets

The visual representation of files and folders in an operating system is called a ___________ ______.

Directory Tree

An _________ _________ is software that manages computer hardware and software resources and provides common resources for computer programs.

Operating System

Operating Systems allow any number of differently configured sets of ____________ to be run similarly.

Hardware

An OS that can only do things one at a time without multi-tasking is called a _________-______, ______ ______ OS.

Single-User, Single Task

How do you convert bits into bytes?

There are 8 bits in a byte, so to convert bits to bytes you.. DIVIDE BY EIGHT! 48 megabits = 6 megabytes 48/8 = 6

This is a resource for storing information, that a program can access.

FILE – Image.jpg = A resource for storing picture information. – Photoshop.exe = A resource for storing a program – Lolwut.html = A resource for storing a web page.

The way a user interacts with an Operating System is through a ____________ _______ _____________.

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

A three or four letter appendage to the end of a file is called its _________________ and allows it to be correctly paired with the program that should be opening it.

EXTENSION

What base is binary?

Binary is BASE-2 The only numbers are 0 and 1. That’s two numbers, so base-2.

A bit is represented by what letter?

Lowercase b

The API stands for ________ ___________ _________ and allows a consistent way to code a program for the OS.

Application Programming Interface

The piece of a computer that everything else connects into. It allows all the pieces to talk to each other to make things happen.

Motherboard

How fast is my download speed in megabytes per second if my download speed is 64 megabits per second?

Divide by 8 to convert megabits into megabytes. 64/8 = 8 8MB/sec

POST stands for ______ ______ ______ _____ and it is a series of tests the motherboard performs on itself before booting.

Power On Self Test

What is the name of the server that turns hostnames like into an IP address?

DNS (Domain Name System)

The term used for the time in milliseconds for a packet to get to a destination and back.

Ping

A ______ is a unit comprised of 8 bits.

8 bits make a byte

What does CPU stand for?

Central Processing Unit

Can you name three common types of filename extensions?

.doc,.xls,.ppt,.exe,.pdf,.jpg,.gif,.html, etc.

The company that provides you internet is called an ________ ____________ _________

Internet Service Provider

What does TB stand for?

Terabyte

The topmost folder that every other folder is stored in. Its name varies from computer to computer, but it’s true name is the ______ _____________.

Root directory

What is the standard language for websites?

HTML – (Hypertext Markup Language)