IPC 02: Properties of Matter Properties of Matter Elements & Compounds Classifying Matter Mixtures & Phase Changes Density Buoyancy Viscosity Gases & Pressure

 Matter is anything that has 1. Mass is the amount of ____________ an object has. 2. Volume is the amount of __________ an object takes up. Question: Will an inflated balloon weigh more, less, or the same as the same balloon deflated? Make a hypothesis, then test it. Obtain the mass of a balloon, then inflate it, and then obtain the new mass.

Pure Substances: Compounds –made from more than ___________________ –A _________________ is the smallest particle of a compound that retains its properties. –Compounds cannot be separated by ___________________ Ex: salt, distilled water, sugar Elements –made of only one kind of ___________________. –An atom is the __________ part of an element). Ex:

Mixtures: contain _______________________ of matter and are physically combined. Homogeneous Mixture –(__________________) ________________ (same) throughout in composition Examples: coffee air (mixture of gases) _________________like: brass (Cu & Zn) steel (Fe & C) Heterogeneous Mixture ________________(different) throughout in composition Examples: sand in water tea with ice cubes oil in water chicken noodle soup

Separation of Mixtures Mixtures can be separated by _____________________________ a) Filtration b) Centrifuge c) Chromatography d) Distillation e) Crystallization

Compounds can be separated by ___________________________ Examples: a) __________________ of water water  hydrogen gas and oxygen gas b) _________________________ Magnesium + Acid  hydrogen gas Mg + HCl (acid)  MgCl 2 + H 2

Classify Matter Element, Compound, Homogenous mixture, or Heterogeneous mixture Boric Acid Solution Oxygen gas (O 2 ) Carbon monoxide (CO) Steel (Carbon, Iron) Casserole

Properties of Matter Property – _________________________ Chemical properties: characteristics of a substance’s “_________” to change into a ____________________. Brainstorm a list of chemical properties as a group. Physical properties: characteristics that can be observed or measured ____________________ _________________ the identity of the substance. Brainstorm a list of physical properties as a group. Hint: Think of gasoline!

How many properties did you come up with? combustibility flammability reactivity pH (acidity) Ex: melting point boiling point freezing point viscosity magnetism odor color solid liquid gas density hardness luster solubility elasticity brittleness malleability ductility tensile strength electrical conductivity

States of Matter (Phases) PhaseShapeVolumeFluidity Solid Liquid Gas Plasma – “___________________”.

Plasma Plasma is a gas containing charged particles such as ____________________ and _________________ It is the ______________ ____________________ of matter in the universe.

Changes of State

Hardness - Elasticity – Which would you rather play “basketball” with? A) bowling ball B) volleyball luster – Solubility –

Brittleness – Malleability – Tensile Strength – Ductility –

CombustibilitY & Flammability – reactivity – pH –pH –

Changes of Matter Chemical Changes: A change that _________ produce a new substance. Usually __________ reversible. Ex: Physical Changes: A change that _________________ produce a new substance. Usually _________________. Ex:

______________________ influences changes of state. Endothermic: –Melting: –Boiling: –Sublimation: Exothermic: –Condensation: –Freezing: –Deposition: (Boiling) Phase Change:

1.Phase changes require a gain or loss of _______? 2.When does it gain energy? 3.When does it lose energy? 4.At what points does the temperature stay the same? 5.Can two states coexist? Temp is constant.

Real World Experiences! How does it feel when you put rubbing alcohol on your skin? Why? What happens to “dry ice” when left on the counter? Why? What happens to “moth balls” left in storage trunks?

The Phase Diagram On the line, ____________ coexist! Temperature Critical Point – Gas & Liquid are indistinguishable

Practice 1.What does point A represent? 2.What area does 1, 2, and 3 represent? 3.What is the state of the substance at 250K & 100 bar? 4.Which state(s) of matter exist at: point A? 5.Which state(s) of matter exist at: point B? 6.Which state(s) of matter exist at: point C? B   C Temp/K Pressure/bar

Dry Ice Lab: “Simply Sublime” Dry Ice is particularly useful for freezing, and keeping things frozen because of its very cold temperature: °F or -78.5°C. CAUTION: NEVER pick up dry ice with your bare hands! Wear gloves & goggles!

How do you know a chemical change has occurred? Evidence of a Chemical Change: 1.Energy (Heat):  absorbed energy (________________________)  released energy (________________________) 2.______________ is produced (bubbles) 3.Solid (_______________) forms 4.___________ or _____________ change occurs Physical change begins in the mouth

Identify the following as a physical property, a chemical property, a physical change, or a chemical change. Ice melting Tarnishing in moist air Silver in color Conducts electricity Ability to explode Recycled aluminum can Ability to react with acid Burned the popcorn

Mass vs. Volume Which has more mass? A) 1 kilogram of feathers B) 1 kilogram of bricks Which takes up more space? A) 1 kilogram of feathers B) 1 kilogram of bricks

Measure matter by finding the density! Which has the greater density? A) steel bar B) steel paper clip

Density of Steel steel bar

Units for Density Metric Units: Solid: Liquid: Density of water is ______(at 4º C) Which one floats? Why? Density of Water: 1.00 g/mL Density of Ice: 0.92 g/mL Memorize This!

Which of the following will float on water? Why is it good to know the density?

Predict the correct “floating order” of the substances as they would appear in the “Density Column”. SubstanceDensity g/cm 3 Copper8.8 Corn oil0.925 Corn syrup1.38 Glycerin1.26 Mercury13.6 Plastic0.93 Rubber1.34 Tar1.02 Water1.00 Wood0.7

Why does a block of steel sink, but a steel boat float? The Titanic Sinks What two forces are involved?

The__________________ ___________________ exerted on an object immersed in a fluid is called the “___________________ __________________”.

Draw a vector to show the buoyant force (up) and the weight force (down). Weight Force (Gravity) Buoyant Force Which liquid exerts a greater buoyant force on the block? Blue or Clear?

When will an object sink or float? Sink Weight Force ___ Buoyant Force Density of object ____ density of fluid Float Weight Force ____ Buoyant Force Density of object ____ density of fluid

Archimedes Principle  The buoyant force exerted on an object in a fluid is ________________________ to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. It explains:  the buoyancy of ____________  the _________________ of a balloon in the air  the loss of ________________ of objects underwater. 2 N

Archimedes’ Principle Practice: Rock weighs _________ In water, the rock weighs ________________ The water displaced by the rock: So, the buoyant force exerted on the rock is ____________________ 0.45 N

Do all fluids exert the same buoyant force on an object? Which liquid exerts a greater buoyant force?

Buoyancy and Fluid How do Submarines work?

Buoyancy and Gases Why do hot air balloons float? A balloon will float when the weight of the balloon is _________ ______________ the weight of the volume of air displaced. Air in the balloon is heated to make it __________________ than the surrounding air.

Which flows slower? Ketchup or Molasses? Viscosity is the due to: Large, bumpy __________________ Strong _____________ between particles.

How does temperature affect viscosity? As a liquid gets warmer, its viscosity _________________ Ex: As a gas gets warmer, its viscosity _______________. Why?