Imelda Barrow - CurriculumDiane Conlon – Project Mgr. Bill Moore - Data Claudia Campbell - Technical

Rationale The following benchmark was chosen because of the preciseness with which it matched the nature of our topic Our group developed this presentation to provide secondary teachers with excellent electronic resources from which to develop a comprehensive lesson on volcanoes

SC.D knows that the solid crust of Earth consists of slow- moving, separate plates that float on a denser, molten layer of Earth and that these plates interact with each other, changing the Earth’s surface in many ways (e.g., forming mountain ranges and rift valleys, causing earthquake and volcanic activity, and forming undersea mountains that can become ocean islands).

Connections Science – Scientists gain a greater understanding of the forces that shape our earth through their study of the causes and consequences of volcanic activity. Technology – The study of volcanoes has led not only to more accurate prediction of eruptions but also to the use of thermodynamics as an alternate energy source. Improved devices that measure seismic occurrences are also being used to discover new petroleum reserves.

More Connections Society – By understanding the nature of volcanoes, scientists are better able to predict possible eruptions, saving human life and property. They are also able to determine the effects these eruptions may have on future weather conditions and changes in climate.

Living with Volcanoes Nature of Volcanoes Location of volcanoes Volcanic Eruption Volcanic Hazards –FEMA and Red Cross advice Monitoring volcanoes Risk Management Benefits of Volcanic Activity

Nature of Volcanoes WHAT IS A VOLCANO? Mountain/hill built around vent connected to reservoir of molten rock under earth’s surface LOCATIONS OF VOLCANOES Volcanoes of the United States Ring of Fire

Principal Types of Volcanoes Cinder Cones Composite Volcanoes Shield Volcanoes Lava Domes Types of volcanoes

Volcanic Eruption of Mount St. Helens

Volcanic Hazards Pyroclastic Density Currents (pyroclastic flows and surges) Lahars Structural Collapse: Debris flow-Avalanches Dome Collapse and the formation of pyroclastic flows and surges Lava flows Tephra fall and ballistic projectiles Volcanic gas Tsunamis Volcanic Lightning UCSB Geological Sciences - Hazards

What to do during an eruption… RUN AWAY, RUN AWAY!!

Monitoring Volcanoes to obtain additional scientific knowledge on volcanoes help predict eruptions in an attempt minimize risk to population –USGS SiteUSGS Site –VolcanoWorldVolcanoWorld

Managing Risk Prediction and advance notification Pyroclastic Flows Lava flows Tephra falls

Volcanoes aren’t all Bad !!! Benefits Fertile Soils Geothermal Energy Mineral Resources Industrial Products Business Opportunities Recreation and Tourism Plus Side of Volcanoes

LESSON PLANS VolcanoWorld Lesson Plan Links VolcanoWorld Lesson Plan Links VOLCANOES! Dynamic Earth - Story of Plate Tetonics Dynamic Earth - Story of Plate Tetonics Activities on Techniques for Monitoring Volcanoes Activities on Techniques for Monitoring Volcanoes

ACTIVITIES Volcano Trailhead (Virtual Field Trip) Ask a Geologist Building Volcano Models Volcano Lab Links

MAPS Smithsonian's - Ring of Fire Smithsonian's - Ring of Fire Earth's Active Volcanoes Earth's Active Volcanoes Maps of Specific Active Volcanoes Maps of Specific Active Volcanoes Maps from Cascades Volcano Observatory Maps from Cascades Volcano Observatory

Other Teacher Resources Glossary of Volcanic Terms Volcano Picture Archives Fantastic Pictures/Hawaiian Volcanoes Great Link Site

References Volcano World US Geological Survey Ring of Fire – This dynamic earth Mt. St. Helens Eruption – National Geographic January Vol 159 p 8.

THE END!!