EARTH IN MOTION: EARTHQUAKES AND VOLCANOES Student Notes Ms. Percy CGC1D1

Plate Tectonics, Earthquakes and Volcanoes…What’s the Connection? What will happen if two continental plates collide? What will happen if a continental plate collides with an oceanic plate? What will happen if two oceanic plates collide?

Plate Boundaries and Movement There are three types of plate movement 1.Convergent – 2.Divergent –

3.Transform – The movement of the plates has the power to both create and destroy by

Forms mountains, e.g. European Alps, Himalayas Continent-Continent Collision

Himalayas

Called SUBDUCTION and creates a volcano Continent-Oceanic Crust Collision

Subduction zone: Subduction zones are the balance to divergent zones. Why? SUBDUCTION ZONE

Another type of subduction zone is when two oceanic plates collide This forms a trench on the ocean floor The worlds deepest parts of the ocean are found along trenches – E.g. The Mariana Trench is 11 km deep! Ocean-Ocean Plate Collision

Pacific Ring of Fire

- Subduction - Rifting - Hotspots Volcanoes are formed by:

Hot mantle plumes breaching the surface in the middle of a tectonic plate What are Hotspot Volcanoes? Photo: Tom Pfeiffer / The Hawaiian island chain are examples of hotspot volcanoes.

The tectonic plate moves over a fixed hotspot forming a chain of volcanoes. The volcanoes get younger from one end to the other.

…what’s the connection? Earthquakes and Plate Tectonics…

As with volcanoes, earthquakes are not randomly distributed over the globe Figure showing the distribution of earthquakes around the globe

Where do earthquakes form? Figure showing the tectonic setting of earthquakes

Key Terms: Check Your Notes Convergent Divergent Transform Subduction Zone Pacific Ring of Fire Volcano Hot Spot Volcano Earthquake

Why is this important anyways?