How did WW1 affect Europe?

 Background to WW1  Who was involved in WW1? Create a table to show who the 2 sides were.  Allies or Triple Entente = UK and British Empire (Australia, New Zealand, India, Canada, South Africa), France and Russian Empire/US, Italy, Japan, Serbia, Romania, Greece, Belgium, Portugal... + many others.  Central Powers = Germany, Austria-Hungary/Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria

  Austria = 1,567,000 deaths, 5 th most, 3 % of the population  Germany = 2,462,897, 3 rd most overall, 3.8 % of population. Still had most military and industrial regions.  Ottoman Empire = 5,000,000 deaths, 1 st overall, 23.5 % of the population. More civilians killed than military. Effects of WW1

  France = 1,697,800 deaths, 4 th most, 4.3 % of the population. French landscape was utterly devastated by the trench warfare. Suffered a high loss of life, destroyed industrial region and economic devastation.  Russia = 3,311,000, 2 nd most overall, 2.1 % of population. Suffered heavy losses against the Central Powers, heavy death toll and severe economic problems. This led to a revolution allowing communists to take over and they withdrew from the war = 15,000,000 deaths in civil war. Effects of WW1

  UK = 994,138 deaths, 7 th overall, 2.2% of population. Suffered a high loss of life and much economic damage. Due to their focus on war, they lost ground in their Empire leading to the Irish revolt.  USA = 117,465 deaths, 12 th overall, 0.1% of population.  *Even Australia had a greater death percentage of population than America. Australia was 13 th in terms of % of population. Effects of WW1

 Damages Ruins of Vraignes, France

 Destruction at Verdun, France Damages

 Arras Cathedral, France. Before 1914 Damages

 Ruins of Arras Cathedral, France Damages

 French Cemetery Death Toll

  There were new major powers now: the UK, France and USA were the victors and they each came away wondering WHAT TO DO WITH GERMANY?? Please think about and answer these questions in your book:  Do you think Germany should be penalised?  How should they be penalised?  Who else should be penalised? Now what?

  Do you think Germany should be penalised?  How should they be penalised?  Who else should be penalised? Discussion

  The main outcome of WW1 was the Treaty of Versailles.  The treaty was designed to be about the terms of peace.  WW1 was always called the War to End all Wars. The difficulty with this was that each nation involved wanted something. And these wants were more than likely to clash.  All of the countries involved also have long histories of fighting – France and Germany had previously been at war in the Franco-Prussian War which saw Germany gain land from France. England also wanted Germany to pay for their involvement because they were about to hold elections and it was a popular public opinion that Germany should be forced to pay. Treaty of Versailles

  Only allied powers were invited to the conference, however the ‘Big Three’ were the nations to make all the decisions. 1.Woodrow Wilson – USA 2.David Lloyd George – Great Britain 3.Georges Clemenceau *also called ‘The Tiger’ - France Who was Involved

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  Form yourselves into groups of 3. If a group of 4 is required that is ok, but need special instructions.  Treaty of Versailles Simulation Treaty of Versailles