PARASITOLOGY PROTOZOAN – METAZOAN – HOST-PARASITE RELATIONSHIPS –

PARASITOLOGY Parasites as vectors for disease – PARASITES as portals of entry –

HEAVY INFESTATIONS SUBLETHAL – LETHAL – TOXICITY FROM PARASITES –

PROTOZOANS SINGLE CELLED –Eukaryotic organisms Amoeba – Paramoeba permaquidensis FLAGELLATED – –Ichthyobodo (Costia) – Cryptobia –Hexamita

PHYLUM CILIOPHORA CILIATED 2 + NUCLEI – Epistylis, Trichodina, Ichthyophthirius

PHYLUM MICROSPORA THICK WALLED SPORES LOMA - CYSTS IN GILLS

PHYLUM MYXOZOA

MYXOBOLUS (MYXOSOMA) CEREBRALIS WHIRLING DISEASE FIRST RECORDED IN RBT FROM GERMANY USA IN FROZEN FISH 1956 ORIGIN MAY HAVE BEEN NON- PATHOGENIC PARASITE OF NATIVE SALMONIDS CENTRAL EUROPE AND NORTHERN ASIA BROWN TROUT AND ATL SALMON

M. CEREBRALIS TROPHOZOITES DEVELOP IN CARTILAGE –

M. CEREBRALIS

ANNELID WORM TUBIFEX TUBIFEX INTERMEDIATE HOST STAGE –SEPARATE TAXONOMY TRIACTINOMYXON –

VECTORS –

CONTROL/PREVENTION CONCRETE RACEWAYS – IMMUNITY??? – MANAGEMENT OF WILD STOCKS MONTANA, COLORADO – IDAHO - MISSING FISH ?

REGULATIONS FISH DISEASE EMERGENCY MEETING COLORADO MEETING 1988 DELISTING FROM “TITLE 50” –

CERATOMYXA SHASTA SHASTA COUNTY 1948 –Multicellular trophozoites –Mature spores TRANSMISSION –Water borne, seasonal

C. shasta SALINITY – Symptoms –

C. shasta Intestinal infection – Kidney associated –

Detection and Control DIAGNOSIS (confirmation) – CONTROL –

PKD/PKX Proliferative kidney disease – Symptoms –

METAZOAN PARASITES PLATYHELMINTHES - FLAT WORMS CESTODA - TAPEWORMS TREMATODES - DIVERSE

CESTODES ADULTS USUALLY IN INTESTINAL TRACK VERTEBRATES HERMAPHRODITIC – REPRODUCTION –

EXAMPLES OF LIFE CYCLES Proteocephalid cestodes (Taenia) –Two fishes 1° host (LMB) and 1st intermediate host copepod, 2nd intermediate host is forage fish Ligula intestinalis, described in 1758 –Adult form in piscivorous birds, eggs released to copepods (first intermediate host), to fish species (second intermediate host)

TREMETODES MONOGENEA – SPECIES SPECIFIC (some) – ANCHOR = PROHAPTOR, OPISHAPTOR HERMAPHODITIC

DIGENEA - FLUKES COMPLEX LIFE CYCLES – –-

OTHER FLUKES SANGUINICOLA –

ACANTHOCEPHALA All require invertebrate host, usually arthropod (intermediate host) – Fish is final host

PHYLUM NEMATODA MOST REQUIRE INTERMEDIATE HOST –

Phylum ANNELIDA - Hirudinea Leeches feed on worms, insect larvae, snails, and all vertebrates including amphibians Bisexual Leeches attacking fishes are not host specific LEECHES (QUESTION IHNV?)

PHYLUM ARTHROPODA CLASS CRUSTACEA sub class COPEPODS - SALMINCOLA - LERNAEA BRANCHIURA - SEA LICE –

PHYLUM MOLLUSCA FW CLAMS GLOCHIDIA –Ecology of FW Clams/ Distribution of Molluscs ESA issues - Dams Obstruct Fish Passage