An Energy Scenario for the UK Biomass and Biofuels

Biomass Feedstocks Woody Energy Crops Woody Energy Crops Virgin Wood Virgin Wood Grassy/Starchy Energy Crops Grassy/Starchy Energy Crops Agricultural Wastes Agricultural Wastes Food Residues Food Residues Industrial Residues Industrial Residues

An Energy Scenario for the UK Biomass and Biofuels UK Biofuel feedstocks - bioethanol Agricultural Products Agricultural Products - cereals and sugar beet UK Biofuel feedstocks – biodiesel Rapeseed Oil Rapeseed Oil Agricultural By-products Agricultural By-products - tallow Imported feedstocks Palm oil Palm oil C4 plants C4 plants - maize and sugar cane

An Energy Scenario for the UK Biomass and Biofuels From

An Energy Scenario for the UK Biomass and Biofuels Are Biomass and Biofuels genuinely renewable? Biomass is generally regarded as carbon neutral energy overheads affect this carbon neutral balance Emissions from fertilizer production and application, harvesting, drying, processing and transportation DUKES lists SRC as having only 9.3GJ / tonne at 40% moisture content and 18.6GJ / tonne when dry DECC {2009} report shows first 9 months of RTFO – only 19% of biofuels met environmental target where government target was 30%

An Energy Scenario for the UK Biomass and Biofuels Biomass feedstocks have lower energy values and density than fossil fuels – so biomass most suited to small scale direct combustion Source DECC - Digest of United Kingdom energy statistics (DUKES) 2009 However – total electricity generation from plant Biomass in 2008 = 159 GWh = TJ

An Energy Scenario for the UK Biomass and Biofuels Direct CombustionWood Woody Energy Crops Grassy Energy Crops Electricity Co-firingWood Woody Energy Crops Grassy Energy Crops Electricity GasificationMost BiomassBiogas or Syngas Biological digestionSewage Slurry Manure Methane TransesterificationRapeseed oil Vegetable oil Animal fat Bioethanol FermentationSugar beet Sugar cane Cereals Methane

An Energy Scenario for the UK Biomass and Biofuels Technical Biodiesel – mixing with fossil fuel diesel – max 10% Physical Thetford Renewable Energy Plant capacity 40MW, requires c. 300,000 tonnes waste wood per year deliveries a day to run at max capacity. Regulatory constraints RTFO – Renewable Transport Fuels Obligation – introduced in April 2008 – fuel duty on Biodiesel only 20p / litre - to cease this year. RO - Renewables Obligation - to finish – 2002 – March 2011 Bio-energy Capital Grants Scheme and Energy Crops Scheme Renewable Heat Incentive – to start – March 2011

UK Woody Biomass PJ Biomass for Elec PJ Heat Generation Based on DUKES toe biomass and 150 GJ / ha for 20% mc air dried wood 40 PJ would put 24% of UKs 1.1M hectares of woodland into heat generation UK Biomass for Electricity Production Based on DUKES ,768 GWh total biomass for elec. production – includes animal manure biomass, co-firing with coal and small CHP plants 20 PJ would require 130,000 ha of Miscanthus or SRC planting – 24% of area of Norfolk

(UK) Biodiesel PJ Total Biomass PJ (UK) Biodiesel Production Based on DECC 2008 report tonnes biodiesel consumed in UK (314t domestic) 39 PJ would require about 1.2 million ha – about 27% of the UKs area given to crops TOTAL Potential UK Biomass Production