Amrita Uttamchandani Physics Honors, Period 6 Project A-9 Mr. Pagani

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Presentation transcript:

Amrita Uttamchandani Physics Honors, Period 6 Project A-9 Mr. Pagani How a Microphone Works Amrita Uttamchandani Physics Honors, Period 6 Project A-9 Mr. Pagani

Alexander Graham Bell Born March 3, 1847 In 1874, he developed the primitive version of the telephone while working on a multiple telegraph. Other inventions include moveable section of airplane wing, audiometer, induction balance and a primitive phonograph.

Discovery Very first discovered by Alexander Graham Bell in his telephone transmitter; 1876 First Microphone: Diaphragm Needle and metal foil

How Do Microphones Work? Goal: convert real sound waves into electrical audio signals Diaphragm vibrates when sound vibrations hit it. Electrical current forms

...continued...

Types CARBON: carbon granules and moveable metallic diaphragm that covers the granules DYNAMIC: thin plastic diaphragm attached to a dense coil of wire that is surrounded by a magnet CONDENSER: capacitor (two thin metallic plates placed close to each other); back-plate and front-plate, or diaphragm CRYSTAL: piezoelectric crystals and diaphragm

Pickup Patterns OMNI-DIRECTIONAL: picks up sounds from all directions UNI-DIRECTIONAL: picks up sound from one direction BI-DIRECTIONAL: picks up patterns from two opposite directions CARDIOD MICROPHONES: heart shaped pickup pattern Proximity effect

Common Uses Tape recorder

Common Uses Hearing aid

The Microphones in a Telephone 3 major parts: dialing mechanism, transmitter, and receiver

Bibliography “Bell, Alexander Graham.” Microsoft Encarta 96 Encyclopedia. Microsoft Corp., 1995. Brodsky, Arthur R. “Telephone.” World Book Online Americas Edition. http://wwwaolsvc.worldbook.aol.com/wbol/wbpage/na/ar/co/549860. Ciletti, Eddie (1997). “Microphone Topology.” http://www.tangible-technology.com/microphones/tech1.html. “Microphone.” Microsoft Encarta 96 Encyclopedia. Microsoft Corp., 1995. “Microphones.” Multimedia Bluffer’s Guides. http://home1.pacific.net.sg/~firehzrd/audio/mics.html. October 1, 2001. “Question and Answer: Microphones.” (1998-2001). http://www.howstuffworks.com/question309.htm. September 30, 2001.