Indus River Valley One of earliest civilizations Disappeared around 1750BCE Aryan migration Came from Caucus Mtns. Vedas Earliest Hindu religious texts Monism The fundamental character of the universe is unity
Division of universal guiding spirit Mouth Brahmins (priests) Arms Kshatriyas (warriors) Thighs Viashyas (landowners) Feet Sudras (slaves)
Dharma Role in life and society Based on birth and place in caste system Comes from Bhagavad-Gita Krishna
Samsara Rebirth, reincarnation Moksha Ultimate reality Karma Justice of the universe
Siddhartha Gautama Born into royalty Discovered that suffering was universal across all castes Nirvana Ultimate reality Buddha Teacher Enlightened one
Dukkha Suffering, dissatisfaction, unease Anicca Impermanence, change Anatta No permanent self
1. All life is suffering 2. Suffering is caused by desire 3. To end suffering, one must rid oneself of desire 4. To achieve this, one must follow the Eightfold Path
1. Right view 2. Right intention 3. Right speech 4. Right action 5. Right livelihood 6. Right effort 7. Right mindfulness 8. Right concentration