Properties of Matter

Look at this picture… What do you see?

3 General Properties of Matter u Matter is anything that has mass and volume u Everything is made of matter

What is Volume? u Volume is the amount of space in an object. u Volumes is constant for a specific object. u We measure volume with a graduated cylinder or a ruler

5 What is mass? u Mass is the amount of matter in an object u Mass is constant of a specific object u We measure mass with a metric balance

6 Weight u The measure of the force of gravity on the mass of an object u Weight changes with gravity u The metric unit for weight is a Newton (N)

7 What is gravity? u The force of attraction between objects is gravity u All objects exert a gravitational force on each other

8 Question  Why can ’ t you feel the attraction between you and other objects the same way you are pulled toward Earth?

9 Gravitational Pull u The greater the mass of an object the greater the gravitational force

10 Question  Why can ’ t we feel the pull of gravity from Jupiter even though it is so massive?

11 What affects gravity? u The pull of gravity weakens as the distance between objects increases u gravity depends on mass and distance

12 Gravity u The further an object is from the center of the earth, the less the object will weigh

13 Question u Would you weigh less, more, or the same on top of Mount Everest?

14 Question u The moon is smaller than the earth. How would your weight be different on the moon?

15 Questions u What are three properties of matter related to mass?

16 What is a physical property? u Physical properties are those that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance

u Matter has observable and measurable qualities. u We can use general properties to identify substances. u Two basic types of properties of matter: Physical properties and Chemical properties:

u Physical properties are used to identify, describe and classify matter. u Characteristic of a substance that can be observed (using your senses) without changing the substance into something else. ColorTextureTaste SizeShapeOdor DensityViscosityLuster MalleabilityDuctilityHardness ConductivityMagnetismSolubility

u size, shape, freezing point, boiling point, melting point, magnetism, viscosity, density, luster and many more. u Viscosity - The resistance of a liquid to flowing. u Examples: u Low viscosity-water, rubbing alcohol u High viscosity-honey

u Chemical properties are characteristics involved when a substance interacts with another substance to change its chemical make-up. FlammabilityRustingCreating gas bubbles Creating a new chemical product Reactivity with water Reactivity

How to tell the difference Physical and Chemical Changes

Physical Change u Substance may seem different, but the way the atoms link up is the same.

It ’ s a physical change if u It changes shape or size u It dissolves.

u It changes phase (freezes, boils, evaporates, condenses) It ’ s a physical change if...

 Changes the way the molecules link up u Makes new substances Chemical Change

It ’ s a chemical change if…. u It burns u Temperature changes without heating/cooling

It ’ s a chemical change if... u It bubbles (makes a gas)

It ’ s a chemical change if... u It changes color u It forms a precipitate

What kind of change is it if someone... u Tears up paper? u Physical change u Mixes salt and water? u Physical change

What kind of change is it if someone... u Burns paper? u Chemical change u Evaporates salt water? u Physical change

What kind of change is it if someone... u Mixes vinegar and baking soda? u Chemical change