Interoperability Standards 802.21, UMA/GAN 802.11u Industry Standards

Interoperability Overview Motivation 802.21 GAN/UMA 802.11u Industry Standards

Different Networks Available in Different Areas 3G WWAN Operating on 3G WWAN Zone 1 Zone 2 Zone 3 Plug into power jack Wakeup Wi-Fi Continue over Wi-Fi Wakeup Wi-Fi Zone 4 Zone 5 Zone 6 Airport Radio State 3G WWAN Wi-Fi WiMAX GPS Radio State 3G WWAN Wi-Fi WiMAX GPS Radio State 3G WWAN Wi-Fi WiMAX GPS Radio State 3G WWAN Wi-Fi WiMAX GPS Radio State 3G WWAN Wi-Fi WiMAX GPS Radio State 3G WWAN Wi-Fi WiMAX GPS Radio State 3G WWAN Wi-Fi WiMAX GPS Wi-Fi Link Going Down. Connect to Wi-Fi Home Continue session on 3G WWAN Continue session on Wi-Fi Battery level low Shutdown WiMAX Switch to 3G WWAN Operator initiated switch to WiMAX Continue session on WiMAX Shutdown Wi-Fi Zone 7 WiMAX Zone 8 WiMAX Zone 9 IEEE 802.21 for Network Discovery VCC, SIP, IMS for Call Continuity (3G WWAN  Wi-Fi) IEEE 802.21, SIP, VCC, IMS, for Network Selection and Service Continuity across multiple radios (3G WWAN  Wi-Fi  WiMAX) 802.21, SIP, IMS for Service Continuity (Wi-Fi  WiMAX) V. Gupta, “IEEE 802.21 MEDIA INDEPENDENT HANDOVER,” IEEE 802.21 session #15 July 17, 2006

Operators Approaches I, Niva, “UMA – “Unlicensed Mobile Access” on the way to VoIP” Wireless Cities Conference06 Mobile Operators Operator with smaller customer base may have following view: Any WLAN access point can be allowed for VHO. Allowing access anywhere will attract more customers. While operator with already large customer base may think: Allow only WLAN APs at customers’ homes for VHO access, to ensure that cellular revenues are also maintained. Reason could be that access pricing is defined lower than in cellular. Cable & Fixed Operators , MVNOs Similar views may exist as mentioned for mobile operators The opinion depends on whether VHO is used for attracting new customers or for defending the old customer base. Fixed & Mobile Operators Here the view may depend on whether target is to have different or the same service portfolio for old fixed and mobile customers Thus several opinions probably exist. Operators may have different views on where the WLAN APs are allowed to be used for UMA access

Handover Standards IEEE IEEE 3GPP/2 802.21 IETF I-WLAN VCC SAE-LTE Horizontal Handovers Inter-working & Handover Signaling IETF MIP FMIP SIP HIP NETLMM DNA MIPSHOP IP Mobility & Handover Signaling

Media Independent Handover (MIH) 802.21 Media Independent Handover (MIH)

802.21 Motivation Incorrect Network Selection Ability of a device to choose it’s connection was hopeless. You could often connect at L2, but not at the network layer. The PC would often connect to the wrong one of many available APs, based on signal strength criteria alone. Increasing number of interfaces on devices Problem could extend to cover multiple interfaces. Various fast handover mechanisms in IETF MIPv4, FMIPv6 IETF anticipated L2 constructs in standardized form Triggers, events, hints etc, but 802 was not providing them in a standard form or a media independent form http://www.ieee802.org/802_tutorials/july06/802 21-IEEE-Tutorial.ppt

802.21: Key Services Link Layer Triggers Network Information 802.21 MIH Function Protocol and Device Hardware Applications (VoIP/RTP) Connection Management WLAN Cellular WMAN L2 Triggers and Events Information Service Mobility Management Protocols Smart Triggers Handover Messages Handover Management Handover Policy IEEE 802.21 IETF Link Layer Triggers State Change Predictive Network Initiated Network Information Available Networks Neighbor Maps Network Services Handover Commands Client Initiated Vertical Handovers 802.21 uses multiple services to Optimize Vertical Handovers http://www.ieee802.org/802_tutorials/july06/802 21-IEEE-Tutorial.ppt

Media specific changes closely follow base protocol Media specific Amendments MIH Protocol (MAC independent messages) defined in 802.21 Container for MIH messages for 802.11 defined in 802.11u Container for MIH messages for 802.16 defined in 802.16g Working with 3GPP-SAE for 3GPP specific changes Transport for MIH Protocol defined in IETF (MIPSHOP) Media specific changes closely follow base protocol http://www.ieee802.org/802_tutorials/july06/802 21-IEEE-Tutorial.ppt

Media Independent Information Service 802.21 Overview Media Independent Information Service 802.21 Information Server WMAN WLAN WWAN Global Network Map List of Available Networks - 802.11/16/22, GSM, UMTS Link Layer Information - Neighbor Maps Higher Layer Services - ISP, MMS, …. Network Type SSID/ Cell ID BSSID Operator Security EAP Type Channel QoS Physical Layer Data Rate GSM 13989 N/A Oper-1 NA 1900 9.6 Kbps 802.11n Enterprise 00:00:… Oper-2 .11i EAP-PEAP 6 .11e OFDM 100 Mbps 802.16e Oper-3 PKM 11 Yes 40 Mbps Network Type SSID/ Cell ID BSSID Operator Security NW Channel QoS Physical Layer Data Rate GSM 13989 N/A AT&T NA 1900 9.6 kbps 802.11b Intel 00:00:… .11i EAP-PEAP 6 .11e OFDM 11 Mbps Network Type SSID/ Cell ID BSSID Operator Security NW Channel QoS Physical Layer Data Rate GSM 13989 N/A AT&T NA 1900 9.6 kbps http://www.ieee802.org/802_tutorials/july06/802 21-IEEE-Tutorial.ppt

Types of Handover Based on Control Model Terminal Controlled Terminal makes use of some MIH services Terminal Initiated, Network Assisted Terminal makes use of MIH Information Service Network Initiated and Network Controlled Network makes use of MIH Event and Command Service, plus Information Service knowledge, to decide if handover is needed/desired, to decide the target, and to command the terminal to handover http://www.ieee802.org/802_tutorials/july06/802 21-IEEE-Tutorial.ppt

UMA

UMA Overview UMA allows to access the mobile voice and data services of the cellular network over a Wireless LAN Subscribers are enabled to roam and handover between cellular networks and wireless networks http://www.umatoday.com

UMA Architecture Mobile devices access the Core Network through Unlicensed Mobile Access Network (UMAN). UMAN has 3 major entities Unlicensed wireless network IP access network UMA Network controller (UNC) UNC authorizes and authenticates the Mobile devices for accessing the Core Network

UMA Security Authentication Authenticate MS with UNC to make secure tunnel Based GSM or UMTS credentials Protocol of authentication is IKEv2 GSM : EAP-SIM or UMTS : EAP-AKA Mutual Authentication of MS and Mobile Network Session Key Generation – IK and CK

Interworking with External Networks 802.11u Interworking with External Networks

802.11u Standard out in 2009 Specifically addresses handoffs where user not preauthorized (generally because from another network) Major Topics Network Selection Emergency Call support Authorization from Subscriber Network, Media Independent Handover Support Supporting information and control messages of 802.21

Network Selection STA (clients) need to know the roaming suitability before authenticating/associating (in state-1) with the AP Roaming information of various hotspots is not scalable to be configured on the client Roaming information includes Is this WLAN suitable for roaming? What is the SSID that client to connect? Who provides this information? The home network (called SSPN in TGu terminology) or A trusted source that has this roaming information But could the home SSPN be located far away? How is the query routed/switched to the destination? What are the query semantics used?

E-911 call Intended to provide normal service on unlicensed network Support e911 STA calls without authentication credentials Access control limited to only e911 calls Authorized STA is straightforward Location information not available, but may be available in task group v Public User Credentials Allow WPA capable SSID to support e911 calls A well known public user id (NAI) is used for dummy authentication AAA server downloads restricted e911 policy to AP to restrict traffic Draft standard does not discuss security keys for encryption EBR in QoS Setup Open Auth SSID Special SSID without any security support is configured for emergency Simple MAC level solution, with no AAA involvement => Applicable for certain situations Open auth association but AP may configure this SSID to only use a certain VLAN destined for emergency use only EBR in QoS Setup

Other Handoff/Interoperability Standards

VCC Status Different technologies agree to virtual channel Initiated within 3GPP in June 2005 2006 through requirements, has only fully completed the requirements stage, Different technologies agree to virtual channel Joint control impossible Some argue inferior to UMA http://www.kineto.com/products/downloads/kineto_wp_UMA_VCC_2007.pdf Some argue better than UMA http://www-hk.huawei.com/publications/view.do?id=1480&cid=2622&pid=127

Other Cellular + WiFi Seamless Converged Communication Across Network (SCCAN) Motorola, Proxim, Avaya – Enterprise solutions http://www.sccan.org/ Mobile Integrated Go-to-Market Network IP Telephony Experience (Mobile IGNITE) Vendor driven solution http://www.bridgeport-networks.com/partners/mobileignite.html Wireless Wireline Convergence Working Group Alcatel, Cisco (International Packet Communications Consortium) http://www.packetcomm.org/index.shtml Bottom line Even for standard convergence type activities there’s many different emerging standards. Need for special radios to navigate standards? Mobile IGNITE http://www.spectralink.com/products/images/NL-01.gif

Interoperability Summary Proliferation of standards + lack of silver bullet standard means that optimal access technology will vary Supporting growth in use of VoIP will make networks less dependent on particular access technologies Biggest issues are: Getting industries to agree (Herding cats) Managing security across heterogeneous networks Harmonizing handoff routines 802.21 is the standard that ties together the vertical handoff standards -03 -02 -01 -00 -99 -98 -97 -96 -95 -94 -93 -07 e -92 -04 -05 -06 -08 Mobile voice traffic Fixed voice traffic VoIP traffic Rapid growth ? Source: Nokia 13.6.2005 Technology used to terminate the call More information Talk tonight (Oct 4) in Charlottesville on 802.21 6:00 PM: Social hour - Pizza & soda sponsored by Tyco Electronics 7:00 PM: Speaker Vivek Gupta - Intel Corporation Where: University of Virginia, Olsson Hall, Room 120