Standard(s): 18. Examine the US government’s treatment of Native Americans during the expansion years 24. Explore how a region’s history, geography, and economics influences its view of other cultures and events (relate to North and South) 26. Recognize the country’s development into a republic 29. Understand the need for and growth of political parties

The Age of Jackson

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Jacksonian Democracy 1820’s & 1830’s

A Time of Democratic Reforms White male suffrage (easier for more white males to vote) Exclusion of free black vote (harder for free blacks to vote) Nominating conventions –Party members choose the party candidates

Democratic Party Began with the election of 1828 –Formed to support Jackson

Election of 1828 A rematch of the election of 1824

The Campaign Jackson –war hero, had been poor, success by hard work; “a man of the people.” Quincy Adams – Harvard graduate, father was president; out of touch with everyday people.

Election of 1828 Jackson won both popular votes and electoral votes

Spoils System Jackson rewarded supporters with government jobs Martin Van Buren –Secretary of State –Jackson’s strongest ally

Review pg 324 #1a - c, 2a – c In complete sentences, incorporating the question into the answer

Jackson’s Administration –North Economy based on trade and manufacturing –South Economy based on farming –West Economy based on farming and further settlement

Tariff of Abomination Passed by Quincy Adams –Northerner industry protected from foreign competition –Hurt the Southern economy They imported and exported more

Nullification Crisis John Calhoun said congress should not favor one state or another Advanced the States’ rights doctrine - State power should be greater than federal power Opponents said - People, not individual states, make up the union.

Daniel Webster The United States is one nation, not a pact among independent states. The welfare of the nation should override that of individual states.

Jackson Opposed to nullification Urged congress to pass a lower tariff

South Carolina Passed the Nullification Act –Declared the tariffs “null, void…[and not] binding upon the state …” –Threatened to withdraw from the Union

Jackson & The Bank Opposed the second bank of the U.S. –Questioned the legality of the Bank –Believed it unconstitutional

McCulloch v. Maryland The Supreme Court ruled the national bank was constitutional Nicholas Riddle pushed a bill to renew the Bank’s charter Jackson vetoed the bill, then weakened the Banks power

Election of 1836 Jackson chose not to run Democrats chose Martin Van Buren Whigs (who favored a weak president and strong Congress) chose four men With backing from Jackson, Van Buren won

Panic of 1837 Severe economic depression Jackson’s policies contributed to the panic, but people blamed Van Buren

Election of 1840 Whigs united against Van Buren William Henry Harrison is elected

Review pg 331 #1a&b, 2a&b, 3a&b, 4a&b In complete sentences, incorporating the question into the answer

Indian Removal Act 1830 – removal of Native Americans who lived east of the Mississippi The Bureau of Indian Affairs was created to manage the Indian removal

Cherokee Resistance The Cherokee had adopted the culture of white people –Invited missionaries to set up schools Cherokee children learned how to read and write –Developed a government modeled after U.S. Constitution –Created a writing system and printed newspapers

Worcester V. Georgia Gold was discovered on Cherokee land Georgia started the Cherokee removal The Cherokee sued Georgia –Court ruling Cherokee nation a distinct community the laws of Georgia had no force Georgia ignored the ruling

Trail of Tears The Cherokee’s 800-mile forced march Cherokee suffered –Disease –Hunger –Harsh weather 18,000 Cherokee died

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Other Indian Resistance Black Hawk – leader of Fox and Sauk –Ran out of food and supplies and was forced to leave Second Seminole War –Osceola resisted He was captured and died in prison 4,000 Seminole were removed, and hundreds were killed The U.S. eventually gave up –Some Seminole live in Florida today

Review pg 334 #1a&b, 2a&b, 3a&b In complete sentences, incorporating the question into the answer

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