Diesel Risk Reduction Plan California Environmental Protection Agency Air Resources Board

2 Why should we reduce emissions from diesel-fueled engines? n n Diesel emissions are a significant health concern n n Public exposure and risks are high n n Effective diesel emissions controls are readily available

3 There are 1.25 Million Diesel Engines in California n n Mobile u u on-road - 687,000 u u off-road - 547,000 F F includes portable equipment - 49,000 n n Stationary u u emergency/standby - 11,000 u u prime - 5,000

4 93% of Diesel PM is Emitted by Mobile Sources Off-Road On-Road Year ,000 TPY Total Diesel Emissions

5 Diesel PM Responsible for 70% of Year 2000 Statewide Risk from Air Toxics Emissions 70% 30% Diesel Exhaust PM10 (70%)1,3 Butadiene (10%) Benzene(8%) Carbon Tetrachloride (4%) Formaldehyde (3%) Hexavalent Chromium (2%) All Others (3%) 220 / million risk 540 / million risk

6 Effective Reduction Options are Readily Available n n Diesel traps are effective for both new and existing engines n n Alternative technologies u u electrification u u fuel cells n n Alternative fuels u u CNG, LNG, LPG, dual-fuel n n Alternative diesel formulations/additives n n Engine modifications Trap

7 Diesel Risk Reduction Plan n n Adopted in September 2000 n n Conclusions & Recommendations: u u Diesel PM Most Significant Air Toxic in CA u u Diesel PM Reductions are Feasible & Necessary u u Examine All Diesel Categories & Usage u u Regulatory & Voluntary Strategies

8 The Diesel Risk Reduction Plan n n Reduce emissions from new mobile, portable, and stationary engines n n Reduce emissions from existing mobile, portable, and stationary engines u u retrofit where economically reasonable n n Provide very low-sulfur diesel fuel (15ppm) for diesel traps n n Undertake demonstration programs; develop incentive programs n n Work with stakeholders and International Retrofit Advisory Committee

9 Control Measures n n Mobile on-road and off-road engines n n Stationary and portable engines n n Fuel requirements n n Requires federal action for some categories n n Adoption beginning in 2002

10 Mobile Source Measures n n Lower new engine standards for on- and off-road vehicles n n Retrofit of existing on- and off-road vehicles when makes sense n n Control of in-use emissions for on- and off-road vehicles n n Pleasure craft standards and test procedures for HDV certification n n Implementation ( )

11 Stationary and Portable Engine Measures n n Address both new and existing engines n n Address emergency/standby, industrial, agricultural, portable, TRUs, and <50hp engines n n Implementation between

12 Stationary/Portable Demonstrations n n Prime - plan to test prime engines n n Emergency Standby - temperature profiles, emissions testing n n Portable - Construction, Oil Well Drilling & Servicing

13 Agricultural Efforts n n Outreach - 8 meetings January - March, 2001 n n Agricultural Working Group (AgWG) - first meeting May 30, 2001 n n Demonstration - UCD and AgWG

14 Fuel Measure n n Very low-sulfur CARB diesel fuel (15 ppm) n n Full implementation by 2006

15 Federal Action Is Critical n n Locomotives n n Commercial marine vessels n n New farm and construction equipment <175 hp n n New heavy-duty vehicle standards n n Low-sulfur fuel specifications

16 Reductions from Existing Engine Retrofits are Critical n n In 2010, 85% of the reductions come from retrofit of existing engines

17 Our Approach for Control of Existing Engines n n Must be sensible in determining which existing engines should be retrofitted n n Must be economically reasonable n n Numerous demonstration projects planned n n Develop voluntary and incentive-based programs

18 International Retrofit Advisory Committee n n Advises ARB on feasible and effective ways of implementing retrofits n n 40 technical experts and stakeholders u u Engine manufacturers, control manufacturers, fleet operators, diesel fuel suppliers, construction, agriculture, academia, environmental organizations, air pollution control districts, and U.S. EPA

19 Benefits of Plan n n Significantly reduces diesel PM emissions n n 75% reduction in potential cancer risks by 2010, 85% by 2020 (see next slide) n n Decrease in noncancer health effects (asthma, bronchitis) n n Improve visibility n n Reduce “soiling”

20 Proposed Plan Reduces Diesel PM Emissions and Risk by 75% in 2010 and by 85% in 2020 Benefits

21 Cost of Controls n n Sensitive to the economic impacts n n Costs comparable to other major ARB programs n n Conduct detailed cost analysis as measures are developed n n Develop incentive-based programs

22 Incentives n Carl Moyer Program n Established Marketing & Incentives Workgroup (IDRAC)

23 Diesel Risk Reduction Plan Public Input Scoping Workshops/ Individual Meetings Draft Regulations Public Workshops Proposed Regulations ARB Public Hearings Public Outreach Meetings Process