Braking Distance.  The distance a car travels while it is trying to stop is called the braking or stopping distance.

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Presentation transcript:

Braking Distance

 The distance a car travels while it is trying to stop is called the braking or stopping distance.

Types of Tires

Braking Distance  The slope or grade of the road and the frictional resistance between the road and the car’s tires can affect the braking distance.

 Eg. Car with new tires on a dry, level road will have a shorter braking distance than one with worn tires on a wet road.

Explaining Breaking Distance  Braking distance is proportional to the square of the velocity of the vehicle.  Eg. If you double your speed, the braking distance increases four times (2 ). If you triple your speed, your braking distance increases nine times (3 ).

Formula for Breaking Distance  Braking distance is also dependent upon the friction between the two surfaces. We account for the frictional effects by using a mathematical constant for different kinds of surfaces.  d = kv 2  d = braking distance  k = frictional constant (different for each surface)  v = velocity (m/s)

Types of Surfaces

Try an example…  Eg. Find the braking distance for a car with a velocity of 50 km/h on dry pavement.

Reaction Time  Calculations for braking distance are for ideal cases only. In reality the driver’s reaction time also plays a role.  Reaction Distance = velocity x time

Try an example…  Eg. A car is moving at 50 km/h on dry pavement. Suddenly, 34 m away, a small dog darts into the roadway. Typically the driver takes 1.5 seconds to react. What is the total reaction distance?

Try an example…  Eg. A car is moving at 50 km/h on dry pavement. Suddenly, 34 m away, a small dog darts into the roadway. Typically the driver takes 1.5 seconds to react. What is the total breaking distance?

Total Stopping Distance  Therefore, when looking at the length that it takes a car to come to a stop we must look at the reaction time of the driver, as well as the braking distance.  Total Stopping Distance = reaction distance + braking distance

Try an example…  Eg. A car is moving at 50 km/h on dry pavement. Suddenly, 34 m away, a small dog darts into the roadway. Typically the driver takes 1.5 seconds to react. What is the total stopping distance?