Russia, Ukraine and the European Energy Security Matteo Verda

EU ENERGY MIX natural gas 24% oil 36% coal 18% nuclear 12% renewables 12% 2012 – BP, Statistical Review of World Energy 2013

2013 – Eurogas, Drop in 2013 EU gas demand emphasises need for swift change EU NATURAL GAS SUPPLY EU domestic production 33% Russian Federation 27% Norway 23% Algeria 8% others 9%

R USSIAN C USTOMERS imports from Russia transit through Ukraine share of Ukrainian transit Italy24,1 100% Germany38,211,129% Czech Rep.7,0 100% Hungary5,7 100% Slovack Rep.5,1 100% Austria5,0 100% France7,83,038% Bulgaria2,6 100% Greece2,5 100% Romania1,1 100% Slovenia0,5 100% others26,90,0- 126,567,754% 2013 – Elaborations on GazpromExport, online database; Eurogas, online database; and (Pirani 2014)

E XPORT INFRASTRUCTURES AND U KRAINIAN TRANSIT DEPENDENCE

others 33% gas 13% oil and oil products 54% R USSIAN E XPORTS 2012 – UNCOMTRADE, online database $ 69 BN $ 170 BN $ 285 BN

U KRAINIAN GAS SUPPLY 21 Bcm 28 Bcm storage (-) 2% domestic production 42% imports 56% 2013 – Міністерство енергетики та вугільної промисловості України, online database 1 Bcm

U KRAINIAN GAS SUPPLY ( ) Elaboration on BP, Statistical Review of World Energy 2013, and Міністерство енергетики та вугільної промисловості України, online database B CM imports production

U KRAINIAN GAS CONSUMPTION PER SECTOR 23 Bcm 19 Bcm 9 Bcm 4 Bcm technical - other 7% power sector and industry 43% residential and public sector 34% district heating companies 16% 2013 – Elaboration on (Pirani 2014)

2012 – Elaboration on BP, Statistical Review of World Energy 2013 and IMF, online database tonnes of oil equivalent per million USD E NERGY INTENSITY OF THE GDP