Contraception Heidi Ingalls

Statistics In the United States, almost half of all pregnancies are unintended. 34% of teenagers have at least one pregnancy before they turn 20. Close to 25% of teen mothers have a second child within two years of the first birth. Approximately 10% of women have used emergency contraception. In the United States, almost half of all pregnancies are unintended. 34% of teenagers have at least one pregnancy before they turn 20. Close to 25% of teen mothers have a second child within two years of the first birth. Approximately 10% of women have used emergency contraception.

Barrier methods Male condom Female condom Diaphragm or cervical cap Spermicides Male condom Female condom Diaphragm or cervical cap Spermicides

Male Condom

Female Condom

Diaphragm or Cervical Cap

Spermicide

Hormonal Methods Implant Injection Combined oral contraceptives Progestin only pill Patch Hormonal vaginal contraceptive ring Emergency contraception Implant Injection Combined oral contraceptives Progestin only pill Patch Hormonal vaginal contraceptive ring Emergency contraception

Implant A single, thin rod that is inserted under the skin of a woman’s upper arm Contains a progestin that is released into the body for 3 years 99% effective

Injection Women get shots of the hormone progestin in the butt or arm every three months from their doctor % effective

Combined oral contraceptives Contain hormones and progestin Prescribed by a doctor Taken at the same time every day If older than 35 years and smoke, have a history of blood clots or breast cancer, the doctor may advise not to take the pill 91-99% effective

Progestin only pill Sometimes called the mini-pill, the progestin only pill only has one hormone, progestin, instead of both estrogen and progestin. Prescribed by a doctor Taken at the same time every day Good option for women who cant take estrogen 91-99% effective

Patch Worn on the lower abdomen, butt, or upper body (but not on the breasts) Prescribed by a doctor Releases hormones progestin and estrogen into the bloodstream Put on a new patch once a week for three weeks During fourth week, you do not wear a patch in order to have a menstrual period 91-99% effective Less effective in women who weigh more than 198 pounds

Hormonal vaginal contraceptive ring Releases estrogen and progestin Woman places the ring inside vagina, wears it for three weeks, takes it out for the week she has her period, and then puts in a new ring 91-99% effective

Emergency contraception NOT a regular method of birth control Can be used after no birth control was used during sex, or if the birth control method failed, such as if a condom broke Women can take pills up to 5 days after unprotected sex, but the sooner they’re taken the better. 3 different types of pills Some are available OTC for women 17 years and older Available by prescription if younger than 17 Doctor can also insert the Copper T IUD into uterus within 7 days of unprotected sex

Intrauterine Contraception Copper T intrauterine device (IUD) Levonorgestral intrauterine system (IUS)

IUD A small device that is shaped in the form of a “T”. Doctor places it inside the uterus to prevent pregnancy and can stay there for up to 10 years More than 99% effective

IUS Small T-shaped device like the IUD Placed inside the uterus by a doctor Releases a small amount of progestin each day to keep from becoming pregnant Stays in the uterus for up to 5 years More than 99% effective

Fertility Awareness-Based Methods A woman’s fertility pattern is the number of days in a month when she is fertile, days when infertile, and days when fertility is unlikely, but possible If a woman has a regular menstrual cycle, she has about nine or more fertile days each month If she does not want to get pregnant, she does not have sex on the days she is fertile or uses a barrier method of birth control on those days 75-96% effective

Permanent Methods Female Sterilization-”tying tubes” Transcervical Sterilization Male Sterilization- Vasectomy

Female Sterilization Woman has fallopian tubes tied, or closed, so that sperm and eggs cannot meet for fertilization Done in a hospital or in an outpatient surgical center Can go home the day of surgery and resume normal activities within a few days Effective immediately

Transcervical Sterilization A thin tube is used to thread a tiny device into each fallopian tube, which irritates the fallopian tubes and causes scar tissue to grow and permanently plug the tubes Takes about three months for the scar tissue to grow, so use another form of birth control at this time Return to doctor for a test to see if scar tissue has fully blocked the fallopian tubes

Male Sterilization Operation is done to keep a man’s sperm from going to his penis, so his ejaculate never has sperm in it that can fertilize an egg Done at an outpatient surgical center and can go home the same day Recovery time is less than one week Afterwards, the man visits his doctor for tests to count his sperm and to make sure the sperm count has dropped to zero; takes about 12 weeks Another form of birth control should be used until the man’s sperm count has dropped to zero