Overview of Sensor Networks David Culler Deborah Estrin Mani Srivastava.

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Presentation transcript:

Overview of Sensor Networks David Culler Deborah Estrin Mani Srivastava

Wireless Sensor Network ► Result of Moore ’ s Law ► Limited processing speed, storage capacity, communication bandwidth, energy source ► Complex interaction between nodes ► Easy deployment and maintenance

Wireless Sensor Network ► Applications:  Monitoring space  Monitoring things  Monitoring interaction of things with each other and environment

Environmental Monitoring ► Monitoring redwood trees: UC Berkeley

Motion Monitoring ► Monitor motion, vibration, acoustic emissions … etc ► Local processing with continuous communication ► Signal processing with summary communication ► Need for real-time interactions between nodes

Embedded Network Technology ► Microprocessor: 1mW, 10MHz ► Power source:  Solar cells: 10mW/cm 2 outdoor  Mechanical: 100  W  Battery: 1000mAh ► Memory:  10KB RAM  100KB ROM

Embedded Network Technology ► Microsensors: convert changes in electrical characteristics into digital signals ► Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) ► Microradios iMEMS Accelerometer showing Structural beam and surrounding electronics Close up of iMEMS acceleration sensor

TinyOS ► Component-based, event-driven OS  Interfaces: Commands and Events  Wiring: Modules and Configurations ► Concurrency model  Executes one program only  Tasks and Event handlers

Network Sensor Platforms ► Mica motes  Simple, constrained hardware ► Intel motes  Enhanced version of Mica  ARM processors  Bluetooth radios

Network Sensor Platforms ► Stargate Gateway  400MHz, Xscale processor  PCMCIA, CF card, Ethernet, Serial, JTAG, USB compatible  “ Used as points of aggregation, data storage, data fusion, and hosts for higher-end sensors. ”

Self-organized Networks ► Organized as mesh network  Routing is adaptive to changing environment ► Dissemination and Data collection  Epidemic protocols  Directed diffusion – interest pub/sub model  DTN – reliable hop-by-hop delivery

Power and Bandwidth ► Possible approaches  Turn off radio when not needed  Low powered component wakes up the system  Perform local processing and transmit summary  Compression and scheduling

Privacy ► Data travels in unsecured medium ► Various attacks are possible ► Access control to data is often important

Applications ► PinPtr: Shooter Localization in Urban Tarrain  Ad-hoc acoustic WSN  Measures muzzle blast and shockwave

Visions ► Sensors will become more pervasive ► Cost of sensors will continue to decrease ► Energy will be harvested from environment ► Newer language / signal processing support

References ► ► ► ► bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2003/08/18/MN DTL bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2003/08/18/MN DTL bin/article.cgi?f=/c/a/2003/08/18/MN DTL ► ent/0,2132,level4%253D%25252D1%2526ContentID%253D753 7%2526Language%253DEnglish%2526level1%253D212%2526l evel2%253D%25252D1%2526level3%253D%25252D1,00.html ent/0,2132,level4%253D%25252D1%2526ContentID%253D753 7%2526Language%253DEnglish%2526level1%253D212%2526l evel2%253D%25252D1%2526level3%253D%25252D1,00.html ent/0,2132,level4%253D%25252D1%2526ContentID%253D753 7%2526Language%253DEnglish%2526level1%253D212%2526l evel2%253D%25252D1%2526level3%253D%25252D1,00.html ► es/route-paradigms.pdf es/route-paradigms.pdf es/route-paradigms.pdf ► des.ppt des.ppt des.ppt ► kl.de/courses/moco/Applications/Shooter_Loc_Computer.pdf kl.de/courses/moco/Applications/Shooter_Loc_Computer.pdf kl.de/courses/moco/Applications/Shooter_Loc_Computer.pdf