Different aged people Prof. Dr. Jin BQ NJNU

Aged periods Infants Preschool child School child Adult Elder

§4 Infants Nutrition & Food Supplement P

1 Introduction 1.1 Birth to face 1 th Stress, out of mother 1 th Fast growing period(0-3y) 1.2 New Born: Indexes BW: 3.3kg (2-4kg/BW) BH: 50-55cm Chest cycle < Head cycle Survival in 0 day-2 weeks

2 Growth 2.1 BW: 6m-old 1y-old 3y-old 6kg 9kg 12-15kg 2.2 BH: 60-65cm 70-80cm cm 2.3 Three circle: Head, Chest, Arm Chest = Head Chest > Head Arm 11cm to 16cm 2.4 Organs: Stomach-V: 30-50ml to ml Teeth: 20, 4-10m

3 Body composition suppl. 3.1 Ratio New born: H 2 OFat % yare old: H 2 OFat % 60 24

4 Nutritional Requirement 4.1 Property: Higher Nutr/Energy density 4.2 Energy Amount is 3-4 times as adults CH 2 O & fat are same important for supplying E DRIs: kcal/kg BW + 5kcal/1g BW CH 2 O = 5g/kg BW Fat = 4g/kg BW, 30-45% in GE Both supply is over 2/3 in GE

4.3 Protein Amount is 3-5 times as adults requires more better protein g/kg.BW/d DRIs: g/kg BW by mother’s nursing 3-4g/kg BW by suckling cow milk 8+1 （ Histidine), Lys/1 st 1y-old: 35g/d; 2-3y-old: 40g/d

4.4 Fat: 6m-old: 45-50% in GE 1y-old: 35-40% in GE 2-3y-old: 30-35% 4.5 Carbohydrate: Cereal CH 2 O Allergy diarrhoea Amount to be increasing 4.6 Water ml/kg BW/d Reasons: easy to de-water & help to excrete

4.7 Minerals Ca: mg/d.p Fe: 10mg/d.p in 4m Zn: 3-5mg/d.p Se: 15  g/d.p I:  g/d.p NaCl > 6m-old 4.8 Vitamins: A, D, Bcom

5 Feeding methods & principle Nursing (Breast milk) Formula Milk Weanling Foods’ Supplement

5.1 Nursing direction p Mother nursing: Breast milk suckling in 24hs A Composition: Ca & Protein CH 2 O B Colostrum: Supply IgA, IgM, Lymph T, Lactoferrin, Lysozyme et al for improving its immune Emotion & health for M-I Nursing/Wetting time: 4-10m A Time & amount B Supplying sequence

5.2 Formula milk powder p Principle: Designing for different aged Additiving whey, AA (Lys), FA, lactoce--- Moving out protein, CA, Na, K and Cl from dairy Application: 0-6m-old & 6-12m-old for Mixture feeding or artificial feeding Weanling foods: as breast nuring

5.3 Weanling foods p Dairy milk continouring 2 nd stress after birth Food style change Liquid half solid solid Simple complex Weaning time: 4 -10m old Stand up to walk 0-1y-old

Kinds of weanling foods 汁液：蔬菜汁、果汁等 泥：蛋黄、果泥、菜泥、肉泥、肝泥等 羹：蛋羹、鱼羹、肉羹、米糊、面糊等 粥：菜粥、肉粥、鱼粥、肝粥等 烂面条：菜面、肉面、鱼面等 烂饭：菜饭、肉饭、鱼饭等 Principle 先单一、低浓度 混合物、较高浓度 5-10 天起喂葡萄糖水，避免新生儿黄胆 6 月龄前尽量避免用食盐 4-6 月龄起注意补充： Fe, Vit.D & A

6 Meals arranging for 1-3y-old infants Dairy milk: 2-4 cups/d 3 meals snacks Fruids Special cooking Suitable dietary energy supplying with good protein

7 Innutrition/abiotrophy p188 Richets IDA Zinc deficiency Protein deficiency