Multipurpose Planning Module M1: Multi-purpose Plan Formulation – Policies and Constraints BU ILDING STRONG SM

M1 - 2 BU ILDING STRONG SM Student Learning Objectives The Student will be able to:  Distinguish between “multipurpose” and “multi-objective”  Discuss the Corps history of multipurpose projects  Distinguish high priority or “stand alone” purposes, from “add on” or other purposes  Identify the major distinguishing attributes of watershed planning  Distinguish between avoidance, mitigation and restoration  Provide examples of realistic multipurpose plans

M1 - 3 BU ILDING STRONG SM Definitions  Planning is multi-objective  A good planning study always has several planning objectives  Projects are multipurpose  Purposes may include navigation, flood damage reduction, ecosystem restoration, hurricane and storm damage prevention, water supply, hydroelectric power generation, and recreation

M1 - 4 BU ILDING STRONG SM Definitions  A “Stand alone” project purpose may only consist of one of the Corps’ high priority purposes: flood damage reduction, navigation or ecosystem restoration.  “Add-on” project purposes consist of one or more purposes (usually other than high priority) where opportunities exist.

M1 - 5 BU ILDING STRONG SM Multipurpose Formulation Approaches Three General Approaches  Comprehensive - the preferred method, giving full consideration to all planning objectives and constraints (“pure” multipurpose)  Add-on - where opportunities are evident, but may not be a part of the initial formulation  Incidental – You hope for good things to happen or when good things happen to bad projects

M1 - 6 BU ILDING STRONG SM Continuum of Formulation Approaches Single Purpose Project Multiple Purpose Project Incidental benefits Added on purpose Formulated for MP

M1 - 7 BU ILDING STRONG SM What’s Old is New Again  Multipurpose projects and planning grew slowly, starting in 1808 (Gallatin Report)  Multipurpose projects peaked in the 1960s, lead by Dams and Reservoirs  Environmental concerns led to a decrease in reservoirs and hence multipurpose efforts  Now environmental concerns are leading to an increase in NER and multipurpose efforts

M1 - 8 BU ILDING STRONG SM Multipurpose History  Gallatin’s 1808 report to Congress  Multi-objective: political unity, national defense, economic development of West  Multipurpose: waterways,canals, roads  Swamp Acts  Flood control linked to navigation  Conservation Movement  Development and wise use  Multipurpose: navigation, irrigation, hydroelectric power, water power, flood control

M1 - 9 BU ILDING STRONG SM Multipurpose History 308 Reports  1925 Corps and Federal Power Commission  Survey of all US streams with power development potential  Formulated general plans  Navigation  Power  Flood control  Irrigation

M BU ILDING STRONG SM Multipurpose History  Flood Control Act of 1944  Municipal and Industrial Water Supply becomes a full project purpose for reservoirs, as does recreation  Senate Document 97 of 1962  River basins the preferred planning area  Multipurpose planning to be used  Principles and Standards of 1973  NEPA integrated into multipurpose planning  Hierarchy of mitigation approaches is a planning consideration  P&G of 1983

M BU ILDING STRONG SM Overall Trends: Multipurpose in the 21 st Century  Mid 20th century was “Golden Age” of multipurpose projects - Navigation, flood control, irrigation, M&I water, hydropower, water quality, recreation

M BU ILDING STRONG SM Overall Trends: Multipurpose in the 21 st Century  Today multipurpose is likely a mix of ecosystem restoration and other high priority outputs  Navigation, flood damage reduction  With some recreation added on  Watershed Planning facilitates multipurpose planning- similar to the comprehensive river basin studies ( Section 308 studies, 1926)  Environmental Sustainability is an initiative to further multipurpose planning and projects

M BU ILDING STRONG SM Indian Bend Wash

M BU ILDING STRONG SM

M BU ILDING STRONG SM Current Policy  Wherever possible and subject to budgetary policy…projects shall combine purposes to formulate multiple purpose projects.  It is fundamental to the planning process to investigate the full range of solutions to problems, and to develop comprehensive solutions to problems.

M BU ILDING STRONG SM High Priority Purposes  Flood Damage Reduction  Navigation  Ecosystem Restoration

M BU ILDING STRONG SM Other Project Purposes Hurricane and Storm Damage Reduction Recreation Water Supply Hydroelectric Power

M BU ILDING STRONG SM Hurricane and Storm Damage Reduction  May use both structural and non-structural measures  Should be formulated as the primary purpose if part of a multi- purpose recreation project  Current policy does not support new beach nourishment projects (viewed as ongoing construction)  Projects supporting primarily recreation activities should be undertaken by non-Federal interests  Cost sharing is dependent on land ownership and use

M BU ILDING STRONG SM Hurricane and Storm Damage Reduction Miami Beach, Florida

M BU ILDING STRONG SM Recreation  May be included in multipurpose formulation  May be added to project formulated for other high priority purposes  May be incidental to other high priority purposes  Cost sharing is 50/50  Costs limited to 10% of flood damage reduction and/or ecosystem restoration costs  No single purpose projects allowed  Only additional lands for access may be purchased  Limitations on facilities

M BU ILDING STRONG SM Lake Shelbyville Recreation Area, IL (St. Louis District)

M BU ILDING STRONG SM Water Supply  Surplus water available where no water rights assigned  Municipal and industrial water  Agricultural water  No single purpose water supply studies/projects

M BU ILDING STRONG SM Hydroelectric Power  Measures  Hydroelectric power facilities  Pumped storage  Implemented at 100% local sponsor cost  No single purpose projects

M BU ILDING STRONG SM Watershed Planning  Watershed is the study area  Multiple planning objectives - may be broader than the Corps’ typical authorities and purposes  May include multiple agencies  Output more a program than a project  Multiple purpose solutions to watershed problems  May include multiple purpose projects  May be implemented by others  May include Corps projects

M BU ILDING STRONG SM Spirit of Multipurpose Projects Exercise 1  Dams store water  What planning objectives and constraints are being addressed?  Which project purposes could be included? Excluded?  How much storage for each purpose?  When and how would you decide?

M BU ILDING STRONG SM Pine Flat Dam, CA

M BU ILDING STRONG SM Pine Flat Dam

M BU ILDING STRONG SM Spirit of Multipurpose Projects Exercise 2  You have identified two planning objectives:  Increase the quantity and quality of riverine terrestrial native habitats  Reduce flood damages to the residential community  The study has two purposes: ecosystem restoration and flood damage reduction

M BU ILDING STRONG SM NER/NED Multipurpose Plans  Many measures  Combined with other high priority purposes  And often, recreation  Examples, big and small  Everglades  Napa  Indian Bend Wash  Poplar Island  Houston Ship Channel  DMMPs

M BU ILDING STRONG SM Napa River

M BU ILDING STRONG SM Napa River

M BU ILDING STRONG SM Napa River

M BU ILDING STRONG SM Flood Damage Reduction & Ecosystem Restoration  Nonstructural and ecosystem restoration  Evacuation, relocation and habitat quantity  Land use management and habitat quality  Structural and ecosystem restoration  Set back levees  Ponds  Wetlands

M BU ILDING STRONG SM Middle Creek, CA

M BU ILDING STRONG SM Navigation & Ecosystem Restoration  Channel projects  Harbor improvements  Dredged material management  Continuing Economic Justification  Alternatives  Base Plan  Beneficial Uses

M BU ILDING STRONG SM Houston Ship Channel

M BU ILDING STRONG SM Beneficial Uses Each management plan study shall include an assessment of potential beneficial uses of dredged material for meeting non-navigation objectives, including fish and wildlife habitat restoration, hurricane and storm damage reduction, and recreation.

M BU ILDING STRONG SM Poplar Island MD

M BU ILDING STRONG SM Types of Beneficial Uses  Restoration and Protection of Environmental Resources  Placement of Material on Beaches  Other Beneficial Uses  Land creation  Beach placement or restoration not meeting Corps participation criteria

M BU ILDING STRONG SM Sonoma Baylands, CA

M BU ILDING STRONG SM Take Away Points  Comprehensive planning is the preferred method, giving full consideration to all planning objectives and constraints  Watershed planning is comprehensive planning  Projects may have incidental outputs related to other purposes  Features to address additional purposes can be added to plans  The best multi-purpose projects are formulated by simultaneously addressing multiple planning objectives that reflect multiple project purposes.

M BU ILDING STRONG SM Where We are Going Next, we’ll cover:  Cost allocation and cost sharing  The SCRB method of cost allocation  The way in which the SCRB method can be applied to a project with ecosystem restoration as a project purpose

M BU ILDING STRONG SM Challenge Question: What do you do when the problems in a watershed would be best solved using a comprehensive approach, yet the cost-sharing study sponsor is limited to a single purpose?