Situation and Response to HADR in ARF April 2009 Dr, Hong-Je Cho Korea National Defense University

Disaster Situation

Average annual damage($US billion) caused by reported natural disasters

Number of people reported affected by natural disasters

Number of people reported killed by natural disasters

Number of natural disasters reported

Disaster Summary (linear-interpolated smoothed lines)

Estimated damage(US$ billion) caused by reported natural disasters

Number of people reported affected by natural disasters

Number of people reported killed by natural disasters

Natural Disasters reported

Asian tsunami, Sichuan, China and Myanmar Sichuan province, China earthquake Measuring more than 8.0 on the Richter scale 70,000 were killed 400,000 were listed as either injured or missing Economic losses amounted to hundreds of millions of dollars. Cyclone Nargis in Myanmar 130,000 were killed and thousands missing

PROBLEM Sovereignty and Humanitarian Assistance For example, Humanitarian assistance to Cyclone Nargis was not delivered efficiently for the lack of cooperation between the international humanitarian actors and the affected government. (2008 Cyclone Nargis) The initial relief work in Aceh Indonesia during 2004 Asian Tsunami was constrained due to local political conflict and religious resistance which prevented aid delivery Different from political, cultural, legal and technical dimensions Limit their capacity to respond effectively to disasters Lack of support from the government of the country struck by disaster in personnel, equipment, logistics, intelligence, fund, beauty contest phenomenon

Global Response HADR is the most active Agenda in transnational security (human security sector) Sustainable effort needed for international cooperation centered on ASEAN and ARF Disaster management and emergency relief response agreement settled between ASEAN member nations in July 2005 On Implementation of ASEAN disaster preparedness and disaster relief SOP To design development cooperation of HADR through Establishment of AHA center and ASEAN regional program regulation Adopt ARF HADR guideline on ARF level and statement relevant to disaster management emergency response Now reviewing draft ARF HADR standby arrangement system and ARF HADR SOP

Main Effort Draft of ASEAN Standby Arrangement To construct crisis response mechanism to rapidly deploy material and capacity Joint crisis response system to coordinate relief and preventive efforts Database HADR assets, framing mobilize assets SOP and database management, assistance force deploy time schedule, efficiency relief item and quality

Main Effort Draft of ASEAN Standard Operation Procedures Open ASEAN Humanitarian Assistance (AHA) Centre Establishment of ASEAN Office to encourage cooperation among HADR member states, UN, relevant international organization in 2005(Jacarta, Indonesia) ASEAN Office Main mission is management of disaster crisis information, regional standby arrangement, facilitation of joint crisis response and technical cooperation

Main Effort Adopt ASEAN Regional Program on Disaster Management) Adopt ARF General Guidance for Disaster Relief Cooperation Propose ARF Standby Arrangement, draft Standard Operation Procedures

Korea’s Principal to HADR Sustainable effort for HADR to amplify contribution of membership in international society Enact ‘Overseas Emergency Relief Act’ and regulation to construct rapid and systematic response institution. On Article 4, Principal of HADR is implementation of HADR mission rapidly through close cooperation with host nations and international organization. Respect host nation’s will and recommendation

Korea Response Aid to foster fragile state’s capacity for disaster management (Invitation Training) Implementation Project Emergency HADR Participate in UN Emergency HADR Arrangement

HADR Direction Centered Human Security Necessity of Harmonization of Sovereignty and Humanitarian Assistance * example : the refusal of the military junta in Myanmar to accept foreign assistance in the aftermath of Cyclone Nargis Preventive Measure Disaster mitigation must come first. rapid and no delay Respect Host Nation Impartiality and neutrality must be maintained. Enhance local capacity to absorb foreign assistance. Public-private partnership framework domestic law arrangement, bilateral and multilateral treaty sub-regional cooperation, regional cooperation, global cooperation Informational exchange and sharing. Construct emergency response standby arrangement

Enhancing International Cooperation Necessity to construct a rapid approval procedure for military aircraft and fleet to enter Air Space and territory Prevent unnecessary delay due to approval procedure Constructing HADR Arrangement for smooth initial response and international cooperation HADR CENTER six functions: 1. Response 2. Logistics 3. Training 4. Partnership: establishment of a public-private partnership framework 5. Ownership: help to address local capacity and strengthen ownership 6. Information: provision of transparency and predictability in relief responses Refer to MCCE and propose establishment of organization similar to MCCR Operation Force Assistance Consultative committee AHA center (ASEAN Humanitarian Assistance center)

MCCE Mission Coordinate the use of Air Transport, Surface Transport (sea and land) and Air-to-Air Refueling (AAR) capabilities between participating Nations and thereby improve the overall efficiency of the use of owned or leased assets of the national military organizations. Strategic movements, but not excluding operational and tactical movements

Enhancing International Cooperation Enhancing sub-regional cooperation Workshop, Seminar and Joint Research (China, Japan, Korea) Open Portal Site/Satellite to share HADR response Information

Conclusion How to Tackle HADR Information-based Management database, early warning system, education programs understanding of means for prevention program political will to apply those measures Global / International Cooperation Institution building for multilateral cooperation (ASEAN, ARF, ASEAN+3, NEA Cooperation Mechanism, APEC, Etc.) Establishing colleges and research institutes for transnational (human) security Empowering civil society and international networking of NGOs Addressing the root causes of Disaster crises Prevention is the best solution

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