The Age of Enlightenment How Enlightenment Ideas Challenged Society 9 th Grade Modern History Mr. Simione 3/16/15

Age of Enlightenment This was a period of time in the 1600s and 1700s when philosophers used natural law and rationalism to guide learning about the problems of the world in regards to religion, politics, and economics. Videos and information about the Enlightenment: Enlightenment - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.comEnlightenment - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com

Key definitions  Rationalism – The idea that reason is the source of truth and understanding.  Natural law – Nature is controlled by a universal system of rules. Enlightened thinkers also believed that human behavior and man-made systems also followed natural law.  Mercantilism – The economic policy of accumulating bullion, establishing colonies, developing industries, and maintaining a favorable balance of trade.  Absolutism – A widely held view that monarchs should have total or absolute power over people’s lives. Absolutism is rooted in the belief that kings and queens derive their power to rule from God.  Enlightened despotism – A system in which absolute monarchs blended absolutism with the principles of the Enlightenment to bring about political and social changes.

John Locke – Political philosopher who published Two Treatises of Government. He argued that humans have the natural rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of property governments have the responsibility to protect those rights Enlightenment Philosophers Jean-Jacques Rousseau – A political philosopher who wrote The Social Contract. He believed in the idea of popular sovereignty, the idea of the people of the country creating and agreeing to abide by the general will. Baron de Montesquieu – Political philosopher and writer who wrote The Spirit of Laws. He believed in a separation of powers t avoid tyranny. Philosopher’s Quiz: Philosophers of the Enlightenment Quiz - The EnlightenmentPhilosophers of the Enlightenment Quiz - The Enlightenment

Adam Smith’s Influence on Economics Smith wrote The Wealth of Nations in 1776 Opposed government interference in economic affairs Argued that a market economy could regulate itself through supply and demand Ideas are the basis of modern-day capitalism Adam Smith Lesson : theory-biography-quiz.htmlhttp://study.com/academy/lesson/economist-adam-smith- theory-biography-quiz.html Adam Smith Quiz: Adam Smith - Scottish moral philosopher and economist - Father of Modern EconomicsAdam Smith - Scottish moral philosopher and economist - Father of Modern Economics

Key Questions for Group Discussion How did Rationalism and the idea of natural law change how the people of Europe solved problems? What effect did this have on the Catholic Church as well as the Protestant denominations? What ides were proposed by Montesquieu, Rousseau, and Locke that contradicted absolutism? What different ways did monarchs respond to these ideas? What ideas did Adam Smith have that contradicted mercantile policies of the time? Describe a country’s economic trade policy if it followed the free enterprise model proposed by Adam Smith.

Credits morgueFile free photos. (n.d.). Retrieved 15 March 2015, from daftblogger free photos public. (n.d.-a). Retrieved 16 March 2015, from christianyogamagazine public. (n.d.-b). Retrieved 16 March 2015, from wordpress free photos public. (n.d.-d). Retrieved 15 March 2015, from Lesson Plan - Effects of the Enlightenment - Grade Nine - Grade 09. (n.d.). Retrieved 16 March 2015, from 530aa aa3