Chapter 2

Constitution Origins of the Const. ◦ Declaration of Independence  TJ  John Locke  Natural Rights  Consent of the governed  Limited government

(cont.) Articles of Confederation ◦ Weak  Couldn’t levy taxes  Sovereignty of states  One vote in Congress for each state  9 of 13 votes required for any measure  Congress picked by state leg.  Money coined by states  Small army  States fought over territory  No national judicial system  13 states for amendments  Shay’s

(cont.) Constitutional Convention ◦ Framers 55 ◦ Only supposed to revise the Articles ◦ Virginia Plan ◦ New Jersey Plan ◦ Connecticut Plan (Great Compromise) ◦ Slavery  3/5 ths Compromise ◦ Voting

(cont.) Individual Rights ◦ No suspension of writ of habeas corpus ◦ No bill of attainder ◦ No ex post facto ◦ No religious tests ◦ Outlines treason ◦ Trial by jury

(cont.) Limiting Majority Control ◦ Only House voted in (Senate chosen) ◦ Electoral College picks Pres. ◦ Pres. picks judicial ◦ Separation of powers ◦ Checks and balances ◦ Federalism ◦ Republic

(cont.) Feds vs. Anti Feds ◦ Federalist Papers  Madison/Hamilton/Jay  85  Know 10 and 51 ◦ Bill of Rights

(cont.) Amending Const. (Art. V) ◦ Propose  2/3 vote in each house  National convention with 2/3 state requesting (never done) ◦ Ratify  ¾ State legis.  ¾ State conventions (21 st only one) Informal Amend.

(cont.) Judicial Interpretation ◦ Marbury v. Madison  Judicial Review