Plurals & Spelling Rules

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Presentation transcript:

Plurals & Spelling Rules Write Source 654, 664-671

Plurals 654.1 Most Nouns 654.2 Nouns Ending in sh, ch, x, s, and z Add s to the singular (sign-signs) 654.2 Nouns Ending in sh, ch, x, s, and z Add es to the singular (lunch-lunches, dish-dishes, mess-messes) 654.3 Nouns Ending in y Preceded by a consonant: change the y to an e and adding es. (fly-flies) Preceded by a vowel & all proper nouns: add only an s. (donkey-donkeys) 654.4 Nouns Ending in o Preceded by a vowel: add s (radio-radios) Preceded by a consonant: add es (echo-echoes) Exception: musical terms- always add s (piano-pianos) 654.5 Nouns Ending in ful Add an s at the end of the word (three pailfuls) Note (page 654): (three pails full- referring to three separate pails full of something) 654.6 Compound Nouns Add s or es to the important word in the compound. (brothers-in-law, maids of honor)

Plurals Continued 656.1 Nouns ending in f or fe Plural ends with f sound (chief-chiefs) Plural ends with v sound (wife-wives) 656.2 Irregular Spelling Crisis-crises Child-children Index-indices/indexes Deer-Deer 656.3 Words Discussed as Words Plurals of symbols, letters, numbers, and words being discussed as words are formed by adding an apostrophe and an s (A’s, B’s, wow’s) Note: you may omit apostrophe to avoid confusion (YMCA’s or YMCAs) 656.4 Collective Nouns Singular: group as a unit (The class was on its best behavior.) Plural: individuals in the group (The class are preparing for their final exams.)

Spelling 664.1 Write i before e 664.2 Words with Consonant Endings Write i before e except after c, or when sounded like a as in neighbor and weigh relief, receive, reign, freight 664.2 Words with Consonant Endings One-syllable word ends in a consonant preceded by a vowel, then double final consonant before adding suffix (bat-batting) 664.3 Words with a Silent e If a word ends with a silent e, drop the e before adding a suffix that begins with a vowel. Do not drop e when the suffix begins with a consonant. State-stating-statement & use-using-useful 664.4 Words ending in y When y is the last letter in a word and the y is preceded by a consonant, change the y to i before adding any suffix except those that begin with i. Fry-fries-frying, hurry-hurried-hurrying If the y is preceded by a vowel, do not change to an I Play-plays-playful, stay-stays-staying 666-667 Commonly Misspelled Words