Cascading Payment Content Exchange (CasPaCE) Framework for P2P Networks Gurleen Arora Supervisors: Dr. M. Hanneghan & Prof. M. Merabti Networked Appliances Laboratory School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences Liverpool John Moores University Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, UK. {G.Arora, M.B. Hanneghan, M.Merabti Annual Researcher’s Conference, March 2004

Presentation Overview Motivation Issues Findings & Solution Thesis Outline Conclusion Questions

Peer Motivation: Commercial Digital Content Distribution

Peer Motivation: Commercial Digital Content Distribution

Peer Motivation: Commercial Digital Content Distribution

Issues Free-riding –Fragmentation Makes network inefficient Copyright Infringement Participation Incentives Trust between participants Atomicity in transactions Fair exchange

Findings Cascading Payments Model (CPM) –the process whereby payment flows towards the content owner through intermediary peers in a P2P network D 1. Content X3. Content X6. Content X 4. Payment 27. Payment 3 8. Fraction(Payment 3) 5. Fraction(Payment 2) 2. Payment 1 C BA Content Owner Author (A) always receives a major chunk of the payment as he holds the intellectual rights to the content. Other peers receive commissions for their participation in the economic chain, or as intermediaries/brokers like in the real world.

Findings A C B GF E D H I J Peer All peers (A-J) have equal functional capabilities i.e. they can act as normal peers as well as bank peers, barring in cases where the physical capabilities of the peer does not allow it. An Overlay Network of Peers O1 acts as a Bank for the whole system.This provides a trust mechanism for the Cascading Payment Scheme. Peers that get chosen to act as banks need to be selected randomly to deter malicious behaviour Overlay Network of Bank Peers

CasPaCE Services Framework

CasPaCE Services Payment Service Components –Payment Separator –Payment Distributor –Payment Verifier –Payment Manager Bank Service Components –Record Replicator –Transaction Manager –Overlay Manager Security Service Components – Encryption – Identification Content Exchange Service –Content Store Manager –Content Exchange Manager

Service Usage Services Payment Bank Delivery Lookup Services Delivery Lookup Services Payment Delivery Lookup Transaction Details Content Payment Thin Peer Bank Peer

Thesis Outline Abstract 1. Introduction –1.1 The Motivation –1.2 Scope, Aims and Objectives of this project –1.3 Novel Aspects of This work –1.4 Summary –1.5 Thesis Structure 2. Background and Related Work –2.1 Peer-to-Peer (P2P) – past and present –2.2 P2P Application Areas Content Sharing Collaborative computing and communications Presence management Instant Messaging Distributed Computing (resource sharing) – Hardware resource sharing Multimedia Streaming P2P frameworks and initiatives (JXTA and.NET)

Thesis Outline –2.3 Overlay Networks –2.4 Copyright Infringement & DRM Definition of digital content –2.5 Payment Methodologies Macro and Micro Payments Electronic Cash Licensing schemes Current payment methodologies in P2P –2.6 Web Services Extensible Markup Language (XML) –2.7 Security and Trust –2.8 Summary

Thesis Outline 3. The CasPaCE Framework & its components –3.1 The Framework requirements –3.1 The Cascading Payments Model (CPM) –3.2 The Overlay Network of Bank Peers –3.3 The CasPaCE Framework –3.4 CasPaCE Services and Service Usage –3.5 Summary 4. Framework Design –4.1 CPM design –4.2 CasPaCE Services and Protocols –4.3 Summary 5. System Implementation –5.1 CPM implementation –5.2 Bank Peer Overlay network implementation –5.3 CasPaCE Service Interaction –5.4 Summary

Thesis Outline 6. System evaluation and case studies –6.1 Case Study A: E-learning content exchange (ElConE) –6.2 Case Study B: Paid Service utilisation –6.3 System Evaluation –6.4 Summary 7. Conclusions and further work –7.1 Thesis Summary –7.2 Framework Enhancement –7.3 Concluding remarks References Appendices

Conclusions P2P networks are here to stay and P2P is a viable model for content distribution. P2P networks are flawed with free-riding and copyright violation which inhibits the efficient working of the P2P network. To overcome these flaws, participation incentives are required which also discourage copyright infringement. Cascading Payments is a solution to benefit all participants and to overcome these flaws.

Conclusions Monetary transactions have to be trusted and atomic so neither participant may deny the successful completion of a transaction. The CasPaCE Services Framework enables the implementation of the CPM and ensures the atomicity of transactions. This Framework can be used in different scenarios, such as –Distribution of e-learning material within an educational institution. –To pay for content and resource usage in a Networked Appliance scenario.

Publications G. Arora, M. Hanneghan, and M. Merabti, "CasPaCE: A framework for cascading payments in peer-to-peer digital content exchange," In Proceedings of the 4th Annual PostGraduate Networking Conference (PGNet 2003), Liverpool, UK, 2003, pp G. Arora, M. Hanneghan, and M. Merabti, "P2P Commercial Digital Content Exchange," Submitted to Elsevier's Journal on Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, G. Arora, M. Hanneghan, and M. Merabti, "Payment Separation and Distribution for Cascading Payments in P2P Networks," Submitted to Globecom 2004, Dallas, USA, 2004.

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