Music Digital Libraries Jon Dunn IU Digital Library Program April 9, 2002

What is a digital library? DL as collection/information system “a collection of information that is both digitized and organized” -- Mike Lesk, NSF “networked collections of digital text, documents, images, sounds, scientific data, and software” -- PITAC report DL as organization: “an organization that provides the resources, including the specialized staff, to select, structure, offer intellectual access to, interpret, distribute, preserve the integrity of, and ensure the persistence over time of collections of digital works so that they are readily and economically available for use by a defined community or set of communities” -- Digital Library Federation

What is a digital library? DLs extend beyond traditional libraries Corporate documents Software/component libraries Commercial publishers Scientific datasets Geospatial datasets

IU Digital Library Program Collaborative program begun in 1998 Libraries UITS SLIS Informatics “Dedicated to the selection, production, and maintenance of a wide range of high-quality networked resources for scholars and students at Indiana University and elsewhere”

IU Digital Library Program Unify support for existing digital library projects Variations: Music Library LETRS: Library Electronic Text Resource Service DIDO: Digital Images Delivered Online Foster creation of new projects and digital collections

Variations Digital library of music sound recordings and scores Online since 1996 Accessible in Music Library and other select locations - copyright Used daily by large student population

Original Concept VARIATIONS name Theme and Variations Variety of information formats for music Networked access for the music student or scholar to sound recordings, scores, textual materials, video recordings Initial focus on sound

The old way…

Today

Variations system Digitization CD-quality WAV converted to MPEG-1 layer 2 (MP2) Storage WAV and MP2 files stored on tape in automated tape library Access Streaming audio IUCAT / course reserve lists

Collection Currently: 7600 titles, 10,000 hours of audio 6 TB uncompressed 1.7 TB compressed Opera, songs, instrumental music, jazz, rock, world music

Metadata Descriptive Used for discovery Example: Library catalog Structural Used for navigation Example: book: table of contents + page numbers, chapters, sections, etc. Administrative Technical, preservation, rights management

Metadata in Variations Descriptive MARC records in IUCAT Structural “Track files” Administrative Administrative elements in track files

Demonstration

Digital Music Library (DML) Four-year project: started October 1, 2000 Funding from Digital Libraries Initiative – Phase 2 (DLI2) program: NSF, NEH Interdisciplinary team Faculty: Music, Information Science, Law, Computer Science Librarians and technologists: IU Libraries, University IT Services IUB and IUPUI campuses

DML Project Goals Establish a digital library testbed system for music Develop user interface applications: music library, music instruction Conduct research: usability, metadata, intellectual property

DML: Users and Satellite Sites University User Groups Faculty: teaching, course design, research Students: coursework, independent study Music librarians Other library users Satellite Sites USA, UK, and Japan Remote access Evaluation…potential for co-development

DML System Features New content formats Sound, score image, score notation, MIDI, video Improved search capabilities New descriptive metadata Links between objects Easily navigate from score to sound Synchronized playback/navigation Customization Bookmarking, annotation

DML System Features Network Support for wide range of network technologies and bandwidths: LAN, Internet, Internet2, remote access Access control To be determined by copyright

DML System Features Component-based architecture Support development of applications via reusable components: Search tool Audio player Score image viewer Score notation viewer/player Digital Timeliner … User-appropriate interfaces

DML Version One Scheduled for Spring 2002 Features Low level “plumbing”: data/metadata repositories New (improved?) search and retrieval Based on new data model Presentation/navigation of audio and scanned scores Bookmarking

DML V1 Technical Environment Java client application / RMI servers Windows and Mac OS X client platforms Unix server QuickTime for Java, Darwin Streaming Server IBM DB2 AT&T DjVu image compression

Features for future versions Notation Additional image, audio formats Synchronization Instructional authoring, presentation, and lesson interface Refined, enhanced bibliographic search Integration of content-based information retrieval tools

DML: Improving music search Traditional OPACs, integrated library systems, cataloging practices not ideal for music Large number of works by single author Multiple works in single container Multiple roles of “authors” Importance of work: uniform titles Many variant forms of titles Problems with Library of Congress subject headings e.g. “Songs (High voice) with orchestra, Arranged” Isolating / sorting by format

DML: Improving music search New data model Better represents musical relationships Faceted classification, music thesaurus Support for structural linking New search interface Supports disambiguation

Data Model Objects Work Musical composition Instantiation Recording or score of individual work Container Entire recording, score Media Object Sound file, image file set, notation file, etc. Contributor Performer, conductor, composer

INSTANTIATION CONTRIBUTOR WORK CONTAINER MEDIA OBJECT Is manifested in

INSTANTIATION CONTRIBUTOR WORK CONTAINER MEDIA OBJECT Is enclose d in

INSTANTIATION CONTRIBUTOR WORK CONTAINER MEDIA OBJECT Is represented by

INSTANTIATION CONTRIBUTOR WORK CONTAINER MEDIA OBJECT Is create d by Is manifested in Is enclose d in Is represented by

Structural Metadata Administrative Metadata Descriptive Metadata METADATA TYPES

CONTRIBUTOR Role(s) Uniform Name Variant Name(s) Date(s) Variant Date(s) Place of Origin Note(s) Related Resource(s) ID Record Creation Last Record Update Record Status

WORK Type Uniform Title Variant Title(s) Date of Composition Place of Composition Date of First Performance Date of First Publication Original Text Title Language(s) Subject Heading(s) Class Number Instrumentation Genre, Form, and Style Key Note(s) Related resource(s) Work Structure ID Contribution(s) Related Work(s) Copyright Declaration(s) Performing Rights Society Work Number Public Domain Record Creation Last Record Update Record Status

CONTAINER Title(s) Uniform Series Title Publisher Edition Publisher/Plate Numbers Document Description(s) Language(s) Date of Publication Date of Copyright Place of Publication Note(s) Container Structure ID Contribution(s) Contained Collective Works Contained Media Objects Contained Instantiations Structural Binding Physical Identification Condition Holding Status ISBN MCN/EAN/UPC ISMN Copyright Declaration(s) Public Domain Record Creation Last Record Update Record Status INSTANTIATION Title Document Description Subject Heading(s) Class Number Instrumentation Genre, Form, and Style Language(s) Notation Date(s) of Performance Place of Performance Extent Note(s) ID Contribution(s) Manifested Work Completeness Indicator Parent Container Structural Binding Copyright Declaration(s) Public Domain Record Creation Last Record Update Record Status MEDIA OBJECT ID Parent Container File Format Compression Bit Depth Resolution Number of Channels Sample Size Sample Rate Hardware/Software Date Digitized Digitized By Record Creation Last Record Update Record Status Number of Accesses Contained File(s)

For more information… Digital Library Program Variations Digital Music Library