Red Scare vs. Bill of Rights ► Red Scare: widespread fear and mistreatment of suspected socialists, communists and anarchists, thought to be plotting revolution in U.S. ► Definitions:  Anarchism: a rejection of government and corporate power Eugene Debs

Definitions ► Democratic Socialism: Govt. owns or controls many industries and uses them to benefit all citizens  private property is allowed  elected leaders; civil liberties  high taxes; free govt services  Examples: Norway, Sweden, Finland ► Authoritarian Socialism/Communism: Govt. owns or controls all economy  no private property  Government is not democratic; no real elections  Examples (USSR, Mao ’ s China)

Bill of Rights vs. National Security ► Goal to prevent national govt. from taking away individuals ’ liberties ► Amt. I: free speech, right to peaceably assemble, right to petition govt. for redress of grievances ► Amt. V: right to be charged w/crime; can ’ t be deprived of life, liberty, property w/o due process of law ► Amt. VI: right to speedy & public trial by impartial jury; right to counsel & to be confronted by witnesses against him

Origins of the Red Scare ► Antiwar Stance of Radicals  Eugene Debs, Leader of Socialist party  Imprisoned (10 years) for antiwar speech ► Russian Revolution; Lenin ’ s policy ► Bombs mailed to government officials (Palmer) ► 1920 Palmer Raids: police arrested thousands of immigrants & J. Edgar Hoover, Buford to USSR! ► Palmer Raids Palmer Raids Palmer Raids ► ► Most not charged with crimes nor given jury trials ► Hundreds deported ► ACLU (American Civil Liberties Union) formed 1920 to defend freedoms guaranteed in Bill of Rights

Nativism & Isolationism ► Anti-Immigrant wave of sentiment to create isolation! ► Increased with Red Scare ► Emergency Quota Act of 1921, pg 622! (chart)  Set up quota system to limit immigration from certain countries ► National Origins Act of 1924  Quota for each country no greater than 2% of that nationality in U.S. in 1890  1890 chosen because before new wave of immigration  2 nd immigration law aimed at targeting certain groups  Question: Who would be limited the most?

Sacco and Vanzetti Trial ► Italian immigrants ► Both anarchists & draft dodgers ► Convicted for killing two men in holdup ► Witnesses: robbers “ looked Italian ” ► Little evidence ► Defended by ACLU ► Executed in 1927Summary of S & V Summary of S & VSummary of S & V

Outcome of Infamous Sacco and Vanzetti Trial ► Despite many clamoring for justice (denied due to being immigrants and anarchists), Gov Fuller of MA sentenced them to die in the electric chair on 8/23/1927 ► 1961 – ballistics proved the gun found on Sacco did kill the factory paymaster, but it did not prove he pulled the trigger, poor Vanzetti? ► “Keep America for Americans” became the prevailing attitude – Native Americans?

KKK ► Claimed to be devoted to “100% Americanism” and by they had 4.5 million members ► Wanted to keep “blacks in their place” but wanted all Jews, Catholics, and unions driven out of the US ► Though the Klan ran many southern state govts, by the end of the 1920s their criminal activity decreased its power

Labor Unrest ► During the war labor didn’t protest poor working conditions, but in 1919 more than 3,000 strikes occurred ► Employers, trying to stop strikes, manipulated fears of the Red Scare and called by claiming workers were communists (poor and communism) ► Know the following 3 Strikes:  The Boston Police Strike –  The Steel Mill Strike –  The Coal Miner’s Strike – John L. Lewis  Overall, labor movement hurt workers because…