How are new plants formed? from seeds (sexual reproduction) by producing things such as bulbs or tubers (asexual reproduction).

Structure of a flowering plant The leaves — these use light energy, carbon dioxide and water to make food by photosynthesis. There are four main organs of a flowering plant : The flower - contains the reproductive organs.

The stem — this provides support and a transport system for water and minerals to the leaves and flowers and to transport food from the leaves to the roots. The roots — these anchor the plant to the ground and absorb water and minerals.

The Parts of a Flower Most flowers have four parts: sepals, petals, stamens, carpels.

The parts of a flower Petals attract insects. Sepals protect the bud until it opens. Stamens make pollen. Pistil is the female organ

Stamen (male) Anther: pollen grains grow in the anther. When the grains are fully grown, the anther splits open.

stamens

POLLEN

Pistil (female) Stigma Style Carpel (ovary) Ovules (eggs)

pistil stamens

12 Checkpoint

Cross pollination - pollination is transferred from the male part of one plant to the female part of another plant.

Self pollination - pollen is transferred from the male part of a plant to the female part of the same plant.

BAT POLLINATION

BIRD POLLINATORS

Wind Pollination These plants typically do NOT have brightly colored flowers. Examples include trees and grasses.

Wind Pollination

Pollination Regardless of the type, the process is the same. The pollen settles on the stigma, and a pollen tube grows to the ovary.

DOUBLE FERTILIZATION One sperm joins with one egg to form an embryo plant. One sperm joins with two polar cells to become endosperm (stored food). (within the ovule)

Fruit The ovule turns into the seed and the ovary develops into a fruit.

ovule seed ovary fruit AFTER FERTILIZATION

epicotyl seed coat cotyledon hypocotyl micropyle The Seed

Fruits contain seeds and help to disperse seeds.

SEED DISPERSAL

dispersal by animals buried eaten

stick to fur or clothing

WIND DISPERSAL

WATER DISPERSAL

MECHANICAL DISPERSAL