Chapter 7 The Elements

Chapter 7 - The Elements  90 natural elements (all after U man-made, also Tc and Pm are man-made)  # & location of valence e- determine chemistry

Chapter 7 - The Elements metals tend to LOSE e-  metal reactivity increases ↓ a group, and ← a period nonmetals tend to GAIN e-  nonmetal reactivity increases ↑ a group and → a period

Chapter 7 – The Elements  organic – composed of carbon and hydrogen All life and edible things are organic All plastics are organic Most dyes and flavors are organic  inorganic - composed of other elements All metals are inorganic All rocks are inorganic Most dirt (not soil!) is inorganic

Chapter 7 – The Elements  mineral – several different ionic and metallic compounds bound together Example: Bauxite – Alumina and Silica ground together  ore – a salt or oxide of a particular, desired metal Example: Alumina – Aluminum and Oxygen ions bound together

Chapter 7 – The Elements  allotrope - a compound where the atoms of an element are arranged in a specific fashion, giving desirable properties 8 allotropes of carbon Red Vs. White Phosphorus

Chapter 7 – The Elements  amorphous – a compound where the atoms of an element have no real arrangement, and thus have wax-like properties. Amorphous Crystalline

Alkali Metals: Group 1 Properties:  Soft  Explodes in water  Combines with halogens to make salts  Lithium used in car batteries and to treat psychosis.

Alkaline Earth Metals: Group 2 Properties:  Slightly Soft  High melting point (“earth”)  Never found pure in nature

Inner Transition Elements: F-Block Includes: Rare-Earth Transuranic  Lanthanides= very rare  Actinides = radioactive

Transition Metals: D-Block Properties:  Very diverse category  Good conductors  Tend to bond to oxygen

Poor Metals: In P-Block Properties:  Common  Oxides of all are very toxic (Aluminum Oxide isn’t soluble in water though)

Metalloids: Flank the Dividing Line Properties:  Brittleness  Semi- Conductors  Used in tech

Nonmetals: in 1, 14, 15, 16 Properties: No real consistent properties other than not metals  Gasses and Solids  Most will burn

Halogens: Group 17 Properties:  Highly caustic  Form strong acids  React w/ metals to form salts

Noble Gasses: Group 18 Properties:  Inert (except Xe)  Used for coolant in MRI machines

Synthetics: Elements past 92 Synthetic means man-made  Made in Laboratories, Nuclear Bombs  Used in medicine, nuclear power, nuclear bombs

Liquids, Solids, Gasses Most elements are solid. Gases Liquids Synthetics

Periodic Table Project Now you must plan your key carefully. Each element must convey three pieces of information: #1 solid, liquid, gas, synthetic, and/or representative element. #2 Basic Group (metal, nonmetal, or metalloid) #3 Elemental Family (alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens, noble gases, etc.)

Periodic Table Project  Chapter 7 – Periodic Table Project is DUE: October 31 st (Halloween)!  Make sure your GRADING RUBRIC is attached. Your grade defaults to a 0 otherwise.  This is a three lab grades!