Sexually transmitted diseases

Normal flora Urethra; Diptheroids, Acinetobacter species and enterobacteria. Cervix; usually sterile. Vagian; 1.From puberty to menopause (acid pH in vagina); lactobacilli, anaerobic or microaerophilic streptococci, Bacteroides 2.Vagina after menopause (alkaline pH); Diphtheroids, micrococci, Staphylococcus epidermidis, candida albicans. 3.Vagina before puberty (alkaline pH); Staphylococcus aureus, and diptheroids.

Main causative agent Syphilis Chlamydia Neisseria gonorrhoeae H. ducreyi Ureaplasma

Terms Nongonococcal urethritis (NGU). Urethritis caused by an organism other than N. gonorrhoeae (e.g., C. trachomatis or Ureaplasma urealyticum). Sexually transmitted disease (STD). Venereal disease (VD).

Urethritis Inflammation of urethra may occur in men and women. N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis are common causes. Ureaplasma urealyticum may cause urethritis in men.

Cervicitis Inflammation of the uterine cervix Most common caused by N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis.

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) Inflammation of the pelvic cavity that may include salpingitis (i.e., inflamed fallopin tube), endometritis (i.e., inflamed endometrium), tubo- ovarian abscesses (i.e., infected fallopian tubes and ovaries), and peritonitis (i.e., infected peritoneal cavity). PID may be caused by a variety of organisms including N. gonorrheae, C. trachomatis, and endogenous flora (e.g., Bacteroides, Actinomyces, and enterobacteriacae).

Genital Ulcers Treponema pallidum; ulcer is painless and the associated adenopathy is bilateral. Haemophillus duccreyi; is the cause of chancroid. Clinically the patients present with a painful genital ulcer. Unilateral painful swollen inguinal lymph nodes rapidly develop in half of infected persons. Chlamydia infection; by C. trachomatis serotypes L1, L2 and L3 causes lymphogranuloma venereum. Characterized by swollen inguinal lymph nodes, and painless papule on external genitalia which then ulcerate.

Prostatitis Inflamed prostate. Caused mainly by member of enterobacteriaceae, N. gonorrhoeae, C. trachmatis and S. aureus.

Postpartum endometritis These infections occur after chidlbirth and may be caused by a variety of organisms, including Beta-hemolytic streptococci, Gardenerella vaginalis, enterococci, mycoplasma hominis, and anerobic bacteria.

Group B streptococci Many women carry group B strepotocci vaginally.