The Eukaryotes 12b: Fungi. Cell wall Fungal Morphology mold hypha/ae coenocytic.

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Presentation transcript:

The Eukaryotes 12b: Fungi

Cell wall Fungal Morphology mold hypha/ae coenocytic

“fairy ring”

budding yeast Other: fission yeast pseudohypha Fungal Morphology yeast bud Dimorphic?

Asexual Sporangiospore /Conidiospores

General Fungal Life Cycle (based on having haploid adults) plasmogamy karyogamy zygote

Nutrition all chemoheterotrophic, extracellular digestion saprobes parasites, predators mutualists Mycosis systemic subcutaneous cutaneous superficial

Rhizopus nigricans

Mucor spp. Absidia spp.

Microsporidia = Microspora Example: Nosema spp. (N. connori and N. ocularum) Ocular & GI infections Microspora spp. Polar filament

dikaryon inside ascus (Eu)penicillium plasmogamy karyogamy

Saccharomyces cerevisiae = baker’s & “top”-brewing yeast S. pastorianus = “bottom”-brewing yeast S. bayanus = champagne yeast Neurospora

Morchella spp. = morels Tuber spp. = truffles Gourmet items ascus ascocarp (made of dikaryotic hyphae) (side-cut view)

“ (San Joaquin) Valley fever”

Aspergillus A. flavus A. niger A. oryzae aspergillosis

Candida albicans Pneumocystis carinii/jirovecki “thrush” “yeast infection” = candidiasis, balanitis (male) “PC”

Dermatophytes Trichophyton spp. Microsporum spp. Epidermophyton floccosum “ringworm” = “Tinea ____” onychomycosis

Sporothrix Stachybotrys

Claviceps -> ergot ergometrine ergotamine lysergic acid grain

plasmogamy Karyogamy inside basidia zygote Mushroom life cycle

Ustilago maydis = corn smut = huitlacoche/cuitlacoche Most used edible mushroom: Agaricus Lentinula edodes = shiitake

Amanita spp. some edible, some poisonous Amanita muscaria = fly agaric death cap The Destroying Angel Amanita virosa, A. verna, A. bisporigera, & A. ocreata Amanita calyptrata

Gyromitra esculentum = false morel Cortinarius gentilis Can be dangerous Amanita muscaria = fly agaric

ear & jelly fungus brackets bolete puffball Some other basidios stinkhorn Bird’s nest

Cryptococcus neoformans

Malasezzia furfur can cause pityriasis

Disappearing “phylum” Deuteromycetes = imperfect fungi AspergillusPenicilliumFusarium

endotrophic mycorrhiza Symbiosis: mycorrhizae

crustose foliose Symbiosis: lichens fruticose

Usnea: usnic acid Roccella: litmus & dye Useful lichens