PLANTS review #2 Chapters 35, 36, 37, 39 Anatomy Transport Nutrition Response

Name the three basic plant organs Roots, stems, leaves The organ that anchors the plant, absorbs minerals & water, and often stores organic nutrients roots

What is the function of root hairs? Increase surface area for absorption of water and minerals Image from:

Main photosynthetic organ of most vascular plants leaves Mutualistic relationship between plant roots and fungi that increases water absorption mycorrhizae

Root hairs develop from ________ tissue epidermal vascular ground epidermal Attraction in between water molecules that helps water move up the xylem cohesion

Transport protein that facilitates the movement of water across a cell membrane aquaporins Attraction between water molecules and the surface of the xylem walls that helps water move up the xylem adhesion

When K + ions leave guard cells the cells become ________ flaccid turgid and the stomata will _______ open close flaccid close

Essential elements that act as cofactors in enzymatic reactions that are needed by plants in small amounts are called________________ Plants whose roots contain nodules infected by symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria are __________ legumes micronutrients

Essential elements needed by plants in large amounts like carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen are called ________________ Water will move into an area with ________ water potential. lower higher lower macronutrients

Tell the cofactor needed for chlorophyll production magnesium Give some examples of plant macronutrients ? CHNOPS- carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulfur calcium, magnesium, potassium

Nitrifying bacteria Name the bacterial process Nitrogen fixing bacteria Ammonifying bacteria Denitrifying bacteria

Ion uptake by roots is possible because root hairs use ______________ to release H + into the soil to displace cations like Ca ++, Mg ++, & K + proton pumps Non-protein enzyme helpers are called ___________ cofactors

Openings in plant leaves for gas exchange stomata

When K + ions enter guard cells the cells become ________ flaccid turgid and the stomata will _______ open close turgid open

Cells connected to sieve tube members by many plasmodesmata which help load sugars and assist with metabolism Companion cells Water impermeable ring of cells that blocks the apoplastic flow of water and solutes and channels it into the xylem Casparian strip

Continuum of cell walls plus the extracellular spaces apoplast Transport mechanism that moves anions or sugars into cells when hydrogen ions move down their concentration gradient cotransport

Continuum of cytosol connected by plasmodesmata between plant cells symplast Describes a walled cell that has lost water in hypertonic surroundings flaccid

_________ buds are located between the leaf and stem Axillary _________ growth involves the plant growing in width or circumference Secondary

Movement of water due to a difference in pressure between two locations Bulk flow Describes a walled cell that has gained water in hypotonic surroundings turgid

Exudation of water droplets from plant leaf tips at night due to root pressure guttation Cells that surround stomatal openings and control their opening and closing Guard cells

Evaporative loss of water from leaves transpiration Vascular tissue consisting of elongated living cells that transport sugar and other organic nutrients throughout the plant phloem

Vascular plant tissue consisting of tubular dead cells that conduct water and minerals upward from roots to rest of plant xylem Water moves in xylem from roots to shoots due to ____________ pressure positive negative negative

Mechanism that uses energy stored in the form of a hydrogen ion gradient across a membrane to drive cellular work chemiosmosis Sugar moves in phloem from source to sink is due to ____________ pressure positive negative positive

_________ buds are located at the tip of stems Terminal _________ growth involves the plant growing in length/height Primary

Perpetual embryonic tissues where cell division and plant growth occurs = ___________ meristems The zone of ____________ is the region where new cells are being produced cell division

The _________ protects the root tip as it pushes through the soil root cap The zone of ____________ is the region where cells are growing in length elongation

_____________ is when the terminal buds inhibit the growth of axillary buds Apical dominance The zone of ____________ is the region where cells differentiate and become functional maturation

In leaves, the outer layer made of tightly packed cell covered by waxy cuticle = _______________ epidermis Waxy layer covering the epidermis which prevents water loss cuticle

Root system consisting of a mat of many thin roots without a main root seen in monocots =_______________ Fibrous roots __________ meristems are regions of primary growth at the tips of roots and buds Apical

Root system with one thick vertical root with many lateral roots seen in dicots is called a ________________ taproot ________ meristems are regions of secondary growth where the plant increases in diameter Lateral

The ________________ produces secondary xylem and phloem vascular cambium Openings that connect tracheids pits

The ________________ produces the tough outer woody covering (bark) cork cambium Xylem is made of cells called ___________ tracheids

Xylem cells found in some angiosperms in addition to tracheids Vessel elements Mature xylem cells are _______ living non-living non living

Phloem is made of cells called ___________________ Sieve tube members Mature phloem cells are _______ living non-living living

End wall in a sieve tube member which facilitates the flow of phloem sap Sieve plate Most abundant type of living cell in plants that can differentiate into other cell types parenchyma

“Basic plant cells” with thinner cell walls that perform metabolic functions like photosynthesis parenchyma _________ pressure results in the movement of phloem sap negative positive Positive

Cell type that is structural with unevenly thickened walls that supports growing parts of plants collenchyma ________ tissue includes all cells that are not vascular or epidermal ground

“Basic plant cells” with thinner cell walls that perform metabolic functions like photosynthesis parenchyma _________ pressure results in the movement of xylem sap negative positive Negative

Cell type that is grouped in cylinders that is structural but FLEXIBLE with no lignin in the cell walls collenchyma cZXV asdfd

Cell type that is structural but rigid; Cells are dead with thick walls containing lignin sclerenchyma cZXV asdfd