CHN 260 Introduction to Chinese Civilization Unit 8-1 Modern China

People’s Republic of China  Name – People’s Republic of China  Capital - Beijing  Founding year – October 1, 1949  National anthem  National flag  National emblem he_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg he_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg

 Population 1,344,130,000  Area 9,600,000 sq kilometers  Provinces and municipalities  Provinces （ 23 ） and autonomous regions (5)   Municipalities (4) Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Chongqing   Special Administrative Regions (2) Hong Kong and Macau

Legislation  National People’s Congress 全国人民代表大会  A legislative house  The largest parliament in the world  Annual meeting along with the People’s Political Consultative Congress 全国人民政治协商会议

Administration  State Council 国务院  Ministries and Commissions 部委

Parties  Chinese Communist Party (CCP)  Democratic Parties

 Revolutionary Committee of the Kuomintang ( 中国国民党革命委员会 or 民革 Revolutionary Committee of the Kuomintang  China Democratic League ( 中国民主同盟 or 民盟 China Democratic League  China Democratic National Construction Association ( 中国民主建国会 or 民建 China Democratic National Construction Association  China Association for Promoting Democracy ( 中国民主促进会 or 民进 ). China Association for Promoting Democracy  Chinese Peasants' and Workers' Democratic Party ( 中国农工民主党 or 农 工党 ). Chinese Peasants' and Workers' Democratic Party  China Zhi Gong Party ( 中国致公党 ). China Zhi Gong Party  Jiusan Society ( 九三学社 ). Jiusan Society  Taiwan Democratic Self-Government League ( 台湾民主自治同盟 or 台盟 ). Taiwan Democratic Self-Government League

The Structure of the Chinese Communist Party

 Some of the past political movements:  T he crack down of the “counter- revolutionaries”  The agricultural collectivism and socialist reform  The Great Leap Forward  Campaign against “the rightists”  Four-Clearance movement  Cultural Revolution

Open-door policy 1979  There are two historical periods of open door policy.  The first one was in 1899 allowing multiple imperial powers access to China after the Opium War  The second open-door policy period started in 1979

 The policy was started by Deng Xiaoping, the CCP leader  The aim of the policy is to make China a modernized country  Deng’s theory: “It doesn’t matter whether its is a white cat or a black cat, it is a good cat as long as it catches mice”  Result – rapid development of China’s economy

1.GDP has grown at an annual average rate of 10 % for 30 years 2.China becomes world’s second largest economy 3.Largest exporter, second largest importer, second largest trading nation in the world 4.Foreign reserves: $2,447 billion (Mar 2010; ranked 1st), 1 billion per day

 In two decades China has experienced the same degree of industrialization, urbanization and social transformation as Europe did in two centuries - Newsweek, Issue 1,  “Rome is not built in one day.” But a new “Manhattan” appeared in Shanghai in 15 years.  not built in one day.” But a new “Manhattan” appeared in Shanghai in 15 years.

Major problems  Economy bubble (over-investment)  Decrease of export volume  Discrepancy between the rich and poor  Corruption of officials

Future  China will become the second economical super-power  There is a long way to go to be completely democratic