Transport/Circulatory System A. Purpose  Delivers O 2 to cells in exchange for CO 2  Transports nutrients,hormones, gases & wastes  Aids in fighting disease B. Why?  Oxygen is needed to release energy (ATP) C. How?  Through a pumping mechanism used by heart

D. Pathway of Blood - 2 part closed circulatory system 1.Pulmonary Circulation (Right Side of )  Takes deoxygenated blood to the lungs & returns oxygenated blood back to heart 2. Systemic Circulation (Left side of )  Provides oxygenated blood to rest of body

Evolution of circulatory system fishamphibianreptilesbirds & mammals AA V V VV V AAAA A V 2 chamber3 chamber 4 chamber Not everyone has a 4-chambered heart

E. Pathway RIGHT ATRIA RIGHT VENTRICLE PULMARTERYBOTHLUNGS S. VENA CAVA I. VENA CAVA CO 2 OUT O 2 IN PULM. VEIN LEFT ATRIA LEFT VENTRICLE AORTABODY BACK TO VENA CAVA

F. Structure of the Heart – 4 chambered Right side carries O 2 poor (deoxygenated) blood to lungs Left side carries O 2 rich (oxygenated) blood to the rest of the body Analogous to cytoplasm of one celled organisms A = aorta – largest artery B = pulmonary arteries (deoxygenated blood) C = pulmonary veins (oxygenated blood) D = left atrium upper chamber (thin) E = valve –prevent backflow F = left ventricle lower chamber (thick) G = right ventricle H = valve I = vena cavae J = right atrium (areas shaded red have oxygenated blood while those shaded blue have deoxygenated blood) Right side Left side

Diagram of Heart and Blood Flow

Section 37-1 Figure 37-5 The Three Types of Blood Vessels Capillary Connective tissue Smooth muscle Endothelium Valve Venule Endothelium Arteriole Vein Artery BLOOD VESSELS

G. Blood Vessels 1)Arteries: Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart; high pressure 2) Veins: Carry deoxygenated blood to the heart; have valves to prevent backflow; low pressure 3)Capillaries: tiny, tiny vessels where gas exchange occurs; connect arteries to veins

H. Blood Composition - human body contains 4-6 liters Part(s)DescriptionDiagramDisease Plasma (liquid) transporting nutrients and hormones 90% water, 10% other Yellow color RBC (erythrocytes) Made in bone marrow disk-shaped & lack nuclei Carries O 2 using hemoglobin (allows RBC’s to carry O 2 ). Anemia (lack of iron) Sickle cell disease Platelets cell fragments, not cells Blood clotting “Dot-like” fragments scattered Hemophilia ( Hemophilia ( blood doesn’t clot) WBC (leukocytes) Functions in the immune system by attacking foreign substances Larger than RBC’s Larger than RBC’s Has a nucleus Leukemia ( WBC’s Leukemia ( too many abnormal WBC’s are produced)

Leukemia Smear Diseased white blood cell SICKLE CELL ANEMIA

Types of WBC’s 1.Phagocytes – Engulfs and destroy bacteria 2.Lymphocytes – Produce antibodies that clump antigens (bacteria) Copy these notes under chart

Section 37-2 Figure 37-7 Blood Whole Blood Sample Red blood cells White blood cells Platelets Plasma Sample Placed in CentrifugeBlood Sample That Has Been Centrifuged Centrifugation – separating the parts of blood into layers based on density

Section 37-2 Figure 37-7 Blood Whole Blood Sample Red blood cells White blood cells Platelets Plasma Sample Placed in CentrifugeBlood Sample That Has Been Centrifuged

Section 37-2 Figure 37-7 Blood Whole Blood Sample Red blood cells White blood cells Platelets Plasma Sample Placed in CentrifugeBlood Sample That Has Been Centrifuged

Clotting Process - uses platelets How Does blood clot 16&sp=2&qs=AS&sk=AS1&adlt=strict#view=detail&mid=BB4338AF0FA5F3276DCDBB4338AF0FA5F3276DCD 16&sp=2&qs=AS&sk=AS1&adlt=strict#view=detail&mid=BB4338AF0FA5F3276DCDBB4338AF0FA5F3276DCD 3. Protein fibers build the clot 2. Platelets clump sealing the hole 1. Break in capillary wall

Heart Disease (Basics #1) Video: Understanding Heart Disease (Basics #1) E548634E8A58B44B4B68E548634E8A5 E548634E8A58B44B4B68E548634E8A5 Heart disease death rates Adults ages 35 and older

Women & Heart Disease Heart disease is 3rd leading cause of death among women aged 25–44 years & 2nd leading cause of death among women aged 45–64 years. Risk factors  Smoking  Lack of exercise  High fat diet  Overweight Death rates for heart disease per 100,000 women, 2002

I. Cardiovascular Homeostatic Disorders 1.Hypertension (High Blood Pressure) – NARROWING OF THE ARTERIES 2. Angina pectoris pain in the chest which radiates into the left shoulder and arm occurs especially when physical exertion results in a lack of oxygen supply to the heart muscle caused by a reduction of blood supply due to partial blockage(s) of coronary arteries 3. Coronary thrombosis--heart attack caused by a blood clot in a coronary artery that stops circulation to part of the heart muscle attack is fatal if much heart muscle is involved. 4. Atherosclerosis – build up of plaque in the artery wall causing a blockage to the heart normal artery hardening of arteries