History of Missouri Missouri Compromise

Missouri Compromise 1818 Missouri Territory has sufficient population to become a state Missouri petitions Congress for admission to the Union as a state

Missouri Compromise The U.S. in 1818 22 states in the U.S. 11 free states, 11 slave states Balance of power between slave and free states Free states control House of Representatives 105 votes to 81 Equal representation in Senate Each faction has power to prevent passage of legislation not to its liking

Missouri Compromise Slavery in the South Integral part of Southern life and culture for 200 years Economy dependent upon slavery for agriculture

Missouri Compromise 1819 Majority of Missouri settlers are from the South More than 2,000 slaves live in Missouri Territory Missouri expected to become a slave state Missouri Statehood Bill goes to House of Representatives

Missouri Compromise NY Rep James Tallmadge proposes amendment to ban slavery in Missouri Forbid importation of slaves Emancipation of all slaves born in Missouri February, 1819: Amendment passes in House, but not in Senate U.S. again confronted with volatile issue of spread of slavery into new territories and states

Missouri Compromise 1820 Missouri statehood controversy becomes a national issue as slavery is debated January: Maine petitions Congress for statehood March 3: Compromise is reached

Missouri Compromise - Results The compromise will allow Missouri to enter the Union as a slave state, and Maine to enter as a free state Balance of power will remain the same in Congress with an equal number of slave and free states

Missouri Compromise Henry Clay, Speaker of the House, is regarded as the author of the compromise

Missouri Compromise - Results Attempts to address issue of further spread of slavery 36° 30’ N. latitude line (southern boundary of Missouri) Louisiana Purchase territory north of the line will be free (except Missouri) Louisiana Purchase territory south of the line will be slave Slavery confrontation is postponed

Missouri Compromise - Results 36° 30’ North Latitude Line

Missouri Compromise → Statehood 1820 June: Delegates meet in St. Louis to draw up a constitution July: Missouri’s first Constitution is adopted August: Missouri’s first state elections are held and the first governor is elected

Missouri Compromise → Statehood Missouri Constitution is sent to Congress for approval Missouri Constitution Provision barring immigration of free blacks Northern Congressman object

Missouri Compromise - Again 2nd Missouri Compromise is necessary Missouri legislature makes solemn promise never to carry out the provision Pledge nothing in the Missouri constitution will be interpreted to abridge the rights of citizens of the U.S. Charter is approved and Missouri is admitted to the Union

Missouri Compromise → Statehood In 1821 August 10: Missouri becomes the 24th state of the Union St. Charles is the state capitol until a permanent location is later designated (A bill to create the State Seal was not adopted until January 11, 1822)

Official Song of the State of Missouri: Missouri Waltz Hush-a-bye, ma baby, slumber time is comin' soon; Rest yo' head upon my breast, while mommy hums a tune; The sandman is callin', where shadows are fallin', While the soft breezes sigh as in days long gone by. Way down in Missouri where I heard this melody, When I was a little child on my mommy's knee; The old folks were hummin', their banjos were strummin‘ So sweet and low. Strum, strum, strum, strum, strum, Seems I hear those banjos playin' once again, Hum, hum, hum, hum, hum, That same old plaintive strain. Hear that mournful melody, It just haunts you the whole day long, And you wander in dreams, back to Dixie, it seems, When you hear that old song. Hush a-bye, my baby, go to sleep on Mommy's knee, Journey back to Dixieland in dreams again with me; It seems like your Mommy is there again, And the old folks were strummin' that old refrain. Way down in Missouri where I learned this lullaby, When the stars were blinkin' and the moon was climbin' high, Seems I hear voices low, as in days long ago Singin' hush a-bye. http://www.50states.com/songs/mo.htm Written by James Royce Shannon Music by John Valentine Eppel as arranged by Frederick Knight Logan

Missouri Compromise → Statehood James Monroe is President of the United States when Missouri becomes a state Alexander McNair is Missouri’s first Governor