English Colonies New England, Middle, and Southern

The French in North America Verrazano –Explored East Coast –Looking for the Northwest Passage –New France Jacques Cartier –St. Charles River De Champlain –Quebec (1608), first French colony Joliet and Marquette –Sailed down Mississippi thinking it was the Northwest Passage

Fur Trade Fur becomes a popular style in France Fur caught by natives and traded with French New France develops along St. Lawrence River and Great Lakes

Iroquois Fur trade linked native and Atlantic world Natives learn Christian Religion Warfare over hunting territory Iroquois League pushed other natives out of area and controlled the fur trade

Plymouth Colony Many English are upset with Anglican Church Puritans – wanted a “purer” Anglican Church that was not as much Catholic Separatists – Puritans who began to create separate churches Both groups persecuted over their beliefs

Mayflower 100 Pilgrims sail in 1620 to make a New Colony Ship went off course and ended up in Cape Cod Mayflower Compact – system of government that ensured colonists would stay together –Created a civil government that would govern over Pilgrim and non-Pilgrim

Early Troubles Half died in first winter Squanto and Massasoit helped them through First “Thanksgiving” in the Fall of 1621

Massachusetts Bay Colony  John Winthrop organized joint-stock company for Puritans  Had authority of an independent government  Boston – the “city upon the hill”  Great Migration – thousands of immigrants come over –Connecticut, New Hampshire, and Maine formed as population increases

Puritan Life  Puritan men had right to vote  Church and state closely connected  Family life was high priority  Salem Witch Trials

Separatist Colonies (Rhode Island)  Roger Williams banished from Massachusetts  Felt land should be bought from natives, not given out by charters  Did not want government involved in religious affairs  Rhode Island  Williams set up Providence  Religious tolerance to all  New Haven (Connecticut)  Exeter (New Hampshire)

Anne Hutchinson  Joined Puritans in Massachusetts  Refused to accept Puritan law over her own feelings about God  Taught in her home  Banished from Massachusetts in 1638  Went to Rhode Island  Moved to Long Island in 1643  Her and her children killed in a war between natives and Europeans

War with Natives Pequot War Pequot War –Pequot of Connecticut strike against the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1637 –Puritans burned down a Pequot fort that had 500 natives inside –Puritans kill most of the Pequot population

War with Natives Pequot War Pequot War –Pequot of Connecticut strike against the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1637 –Puritans burned down a Pequot fort that had 500 natives inside –Puritans kill most of the Pequot population

War with Natives Pequot War Pequot War –Pequot of Connecticut strike against the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1637 –Puritans burned down a Pequot fort that had 500 natives inside –Puritans kill most of the Pequot population

War With Natives King Philip’s War King Philip’s War –Metacom (King Philip)  Leader of Algonquin people and son of Massasoit –Gathered tribes from Rhode Island to Maine  Destroyed 17 English towns, attacked 52 others, and 2,000 settlers –English Fight Back  4,000 native casualties  Metacom killed

Middle Colonies Proprietary Colonies Proprietary Colonies –Full governing rights given by a queen or king New York New York New Jersey New Jersey Delaware Delaware Pennsylvania Pennsylvania

The Dutch Settle New York Settle New Netherland Settle New Netherland –Trading station at New Amsterdam at the mouth of the Hudson River  Dutch, Swedes, French, German, and English traders –Built homes on the island of Manhattan English take over English take over –Charles II claimed land belonged to the Duke of York –Renamed New York –New Jersey given to Duke of York’s friends

William Penn Given land grants by Charles II Given land grants by Charles II Delaware Delaware –Originally Swede, the Dutch, then English Pennsylvania (“Penn’s woods”) Pennsylvania (“Penn’s woods”) –“Holy Experiment” –Quakers – all people treated as equals –German Lutherans, Scotch- Irish Presbyterians, and Swiss Mennonites

Southern Colonies Maryland Maryland Lord Baltimore established as haven for English Catholics (1634) Lord Baltimore established as haven for English Catholics (1634) Puritans outnumbered Catholics Puritans outnumbered Catholics Lord Baltimore wrote a law protecting religious tolerance Lord Baltimore wrote a law protecting religious tolerance Maryland Toleration Act Maryland Toleration Act Grew Tobacco, brought population of slaves Grew Tobacco, brought population of slaves The Carolinas The Carolinas Split in 1691 Split in 1691 Tobacco and trade with natives Tobacco and trade with natives

Georgia Trustees – someone put in charge by the owners to run the colony Trustees – someone put in charge by the owners to run the colony James Oglethorpe James Oglethorpe Reasons Reasons Haven for jailers Haven for jailers Buffer against Spanish Buffer against Spanish Originally restricted slavery and liquor Originally restricted slavery and liquor Colonists forced changes Colonists forced changes Slavery and liquor allowed Slavery and liquor allowed Became a Royal Colony in 1752 Became a Royal Colony in 1752