Lesson 1

Lesson 2

Lesson 3 & 4

Lesson 5

Lesson 6

Lesson 7

Lesson 8

Lesson 9

All – Recall keywords Most – Describe the different types of pathogen with examples Some – Explain how different factors can affect the epidemiology of certain diseases Health and Disease

All – Recall keywords Most – Describe the different types of pathogen with examples Some – Explain how different factors can affect the epidemiology of certain diseases Health and Disease

What is HEALTH? Health is more than simply the absence of disease. It can be defined as your physical, mental and social wellbeing. If you are in good health you are… Free from disease Able to carry out normal physical and mental tasks Well fed, with a balanced diet Usually happy, with a positive outlook Suitably housed with proper sanitation Well integrated into society

Tuberculosis Cholera Chicken Pox Influenza Mumps dysenteryAthlete’s foot Draw a table with 4 columns showing what type of microbe causes these infectious diseases… Typhoid Malaria HIV Ring worm

Type of microbe BacteriaVirusProtozoaFungus Infectious disease Cholera Tuberculosis Typhoid HIV Mumps Influenza Chicken pox Dysentery Malaria Ring worm Athlete’s foot

Match the key word to the definition 1. The rate of occurrence of new cases of a particular disease in a population being studied 2. A branch of medical science that deals with the incidence, distribution, and control of disease in a population 3. A micro-organism which causes disease 4. The total number of cases of a disease in a given population at a specific time. 5. Anything which impairs the normal functioning of the body. 6. ‘A state of complete physical, mental and social well- being and not merely the absence of disease of infirmity’ (World Health Organisation) 7. An organism that grows, feeds, and is sheltered on or in a different organism while contributing nothing to the survival of its host, even causing it damage Incidence, Pathogen, Epidemiology, Parasite, Health, Disease, Prevalence,

Match the key word to the definition  Health: ‘A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease of infirmity’ (World Health Organisation)  Disease: Anything which impairs the normal functioning of the body.  Pathogen: A micro-organism which causes disease  Parasite: An organism that grows, feeds, and is sheltered on or in a different organism while contributing nothing to the survival of its host, even causing it damage  Epidemiology: a branch of medical science that deals with the incidence, distribution, and control of disease in a population  Prevalence: The total number of cases of a disease in a given population at a specific time.  Incidence: The rate of occurrence of new cases of a particular disease in a population being studied

Tuberculosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis

DOTs: Directly observed therapy

HIV virus RNA molecule Reverse transcriptase (makes DNA from RNA) Core Phospholipid Glycoprotein Envelope 5nm Capsid, made of protein

Malaria

Plasmodium lifecycle Zygotes of the parasite undergo a stage of asexual reproduction in the mosquito’s gut wall The parasite returns to the blood and invades the red blood cells Here the parasite produces gametes (sexual stage) More reproduction within RBCs causes these cells to swell and burst (lysis) The mosquito feeds on the blood of a non-infected human Anopheles mosquito ingests a blood meal from an infected human Plasmodium is transferred from the human to the stomach of the mosquito Plasmodium transferred from mosquito to human Plasmodium migrate to the human’s liver to undergo asexual reproduction Fertilisation occurs

Plasmodium lifecycle Anopheles mosquito ingests a blood meal from an infected human Plasmodium is transferred from the human to the stomach of the mosquito Here the parasite produces gametes (sexual stage) Fertilisation occurs Zygotes of the parasite undergo a stage of asexual reproduction in the mosquito’s gut wall The mosquito feeds on the blood of a non-infected human Plasmodium transferred from mosquito to human Plasmodium migrate to the human’s liver to undergo asexual reproduction The parasite returns to the blood and invades the red blood cells More reproduction within RBCs causes these cells to swell and burst (lysis)

Prophylactics Prevention is better than a cure!!

DiseasePathogenMethod of transmission Effects on body Treatment TB Malaria HIV/AIDS Human immunodefic- iency virus (retrovirus) Plasmodium falciparum or P.virax (protozoa) Mycobacterium tuberculosis or M.bovis Unsafe sex, shared needles, needle stick injuries Airborne droplets, unpasteurized milk Anopheles mosquito vector Infect lung cells – night sweats, cough, bloody mucus Affects immune system (T lymphocytes) so oppurtunistic infections take over Infects red blood cells, results in fever Combination therapy to slow viral replication eg AZT Antibiotic courses eg. Streptomycin and rifampin Prophylactics and antimalarials eg quinine

DiseasePathogenMethod of transmission Effects on body Treatment TB Malaria HIV/AIDS Mycobacterium tuberculosis or M.bovis Plasmodium falciparum or P.virax (protozoa) Human immunodefic- iency virus (retrovirus) Airborne droplets, unpasteurized milk Anopheles mosquito vector Unsafe sex, shared needles, needle stick injuries Infect lung cells – night sweats, cough, bloody mucus Infects red blood cells, results in fever Affects immune system (T lymphocytes) so oppurtunistic infections take over Antibiotic courses eg. Streptomycin and rifampin Prophylactics and antimalarials eg quinine Combination therapy to slow viral replication eg AZT

Can you explain each of the following trends in epidemiology of disease? (use pg 167 to help if unsure) 1.People who live in crowded conditions are at most risk of contracting TB 2.From the middle of the 19 th century the incidence of TB has decreased 3.In the late 1980s there was a dramatic increase of TB in the UK 4.There are certain strains of antibiotic resistant TB emerging