Chapter 17: Leadership Creating Effective Organizations

Does Leadership Matter? Examples from sports teams who change coaches Examples from sports teams who change coaches Examples from mission experiences Examples from mission experiences

Career Progression and Skill Mix Entry Level Top Management Conceptual and Human Relations Skills Technical Skills Skill Mix for Success

Characteristics of Transactional Leadership Establishes goals and objectives Establishes goals and objectives Designs work flow and delegates task assignments Designs work flow and delegates task assignments Negotiates exchange of rewards for effort Negotiates exchange of rewards for effort Rewards performance and recognizes accomplishments Rewards performance and recognizes accomplishments Searches for deviations from standards and takes corrective actions Searches for deviations from standards and takes corrective actions

Characteristics of Transformational Leadership Charismatic: Provides vision and a sense of mission, gains respect and trust, instills pride Charismatic: Provides vision and a sense of mission, gains respect and trust, instills pride Individualized consideration: Gives personal attention, and treats each person individually, coaches Individualized consideration: Gives personal attention, and treats each person individually, coaches Intellectually stimulating: Promotes learning, encourages rationality, uses careful problem solving Intellectually stimulating: Promotes learning, encourages rationality, uses careful problem solving Inspirational: Communicates high performance expectations, uses symbols to focus efforts, distills essential purposes Inspirational: Communicates high performance expectations, uses symbols to focus efforts, distills essential purposes

Theories of Leadership 1. TraitsEffectiveness 2. PowerEffectiveness 3. BehaviorEffectiveness 4. Contingency/Situational Theories 5. Role Theories Leader Traits Situations Behavior Effectiveness.

Personality Factors Most Frequently Associated with Effective Leadership CapacityAchievementResponsibilityParticipationStatus IntelligenceScholarshipHonestyActivity Socioeconomic position AlertnessKnowledgeDependabilitySociabilityPopularity Verbal facility Athletic accomplishment InitiativeCooperation Originality Personality adjustment PersistenceAdaptability JudgmentAggressivenessHumor Self-confidence Desire to excel

Managerial Grid—One best way to manage—Be 9-9 (1,9) (9,1) (9,9) (5,5) (1,1)

Leadership Styles— Participative Leaders are Best Likert’s System Four –System I—Exploitive Autocratic –System II—Benevolent Autocratic –System III—Consultative –System IV—Participative Group

Hersey and Blanchard’s Situational Leadership Theory Model: Defining Maturity and Four Leadership Styles Highrelationship Low task High task Highrelationship Lowrelationship Low task High task Lowrelationship S1 S2S3 S4 Participating Delegating Telling Selling High LowHigh Task Behavior Relationship Behavior Style of Leader ImmatureMature Ability Willingness M1M2M3M4 HighModerateLow This person is able (has the necessary knowledge and skill) This person is willing (has the necessary confidence and commitment) Maturity of Followers Psychological maturity Job maturity A great deal 4 Quite a bit 3Some2Little1 Usually4Often3 On occasion 2Seldom1 Source: Hersey and Blanchard. Management of Organizational Behavior: Utilizing Human Resources, 4 th ed., ©1982, p Adapted by permission of Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, NJ.

Roles of Effective Leaders 1. Systems Thinkers 2. Organization Designers 3. Stewards (Share vision and purpose) 4. Creators of Creative Tension 5. Teachers Source: Peter Senge, 1990

Key Findings from Leadership Theory Transformational leaders inspire higher performance than do transactional leaders Transformational leaders inspire higher performance than do transactional leaders Effective leaders must be concerned about accomplishing the task and relationships Effective leaders must be concerned about accomplishing the task and relationships Effective leaders know when to tell, sell, participate, or delegate Effective leaders know when to tell, sell, participate, or delegate Effective leaders understand mission and strategy, know how to implement change, motivate employees to high performance, and teach effectively Effective leaders understand mission and strategy, know how to implement change, motivate employees to high performance, and teach effectively Effective leaders lead by example and are honest and fair. They inspire confidence. Effective leaders lead by example and are honest and fair. They inspire confidence.