The Confederation and Constitution Chevalier Fall 2014

Articles of Confederation  Ch. 9 Themes  Economic democracy preceded political democracy in America  Excellent political leadership to nation build  Articles created a WEAK central gov’t by design. It was our FALSE START  We wrote a second constitution in 1787 that created a STRONG central gov’t with 3 branches

Confederacy  I. Pursuit of equality  Property qualifications, trade unions, inheritance laws, antislavery societies  Women, slavery  II. A of C  Went into effect in 1781, when states gave up claims to western lands in the old Northwest. It’s main strength was…  Weak by design-didn’t have power to…  Pirates, rebellions, British forts, Spanish, French  Americans began to consider a stronger gov’t.

Confederacy  III. A of C Triumphs  Land Ordinance Act of 1785  Northwest Ordinance of 1787

■ Grid system was created by Thomas Jefferson… ■ Structured and organized land policy ■ Allowed for a peaceful purchase of land. ■ Promoted an orderly expansion westward.. ■ Confederation Congress convinced states who claimed land out west to cede their land to the US Govt. ■ US Govt. was to come up with a fair and reasonable land policy…..Unlike the Proclamation of 1763…. Northwest Territory

Ohio 1 ST STEP WHEN PEOPLE FIRST SETTLE IN THE AREA: Congress appoints a governor and three judges to govern the territory 2 nd STEP 5,000 FREE ADULT MALES: Landowners elect a congress to make laws and raise taxes with approval of governor. 1 representative is elected to the US Congress who can debate but not vote. 3 rd STEP 60,000 SETTLERS: Becomes a state, with its own government and constitution. New states admitted with same rights as the original states. No more than 5 states can carved out of this area. Northwest Ordinancerepublicanism (representative democracyliberty and propertyeducationslavery. The Northwest Ordinance encouraged ideals of republicanism (representative democracy) religious freedom, protection of liberty and property, encouraged education, admitted new states and no slavery.

IV. Constitutional Convention  ALEXANDER HAMILTON and JAMES MADISON were NATIONALISTS who desired a health, strong national government.  Convened to REVISE the Articles  3 important decisions made on first day  Protect America from its weaknesses abroad and excesses at home

Philadelphia Convention  V. VA Plan Diagram  NJ Plan Diagram  Great Compromise  VI. Other compromises  Electoral College Compromise  3/5 Compromise  Slave Trade Compromise  VII. Constitution sent to STATE CONVENTIONS to be ratified.

VIII. Ratification  9/13 needed to ratify  Federalists vs. Antifederalists debate  Where did the SOVEREIGNTY (free power) of the people reside?  Uphill battle from the start  The Federalist Papers Thesis  Bill of Rights