Professor Geoffrey D. Gooch, PhD Department of Management and Economics Linköping University, Sweden and UNESCO Centre for Water Law, Policy and Science University of Dundee, Scotland

Sustainable Livelihoods and Biodiversity in Developing Countries

The challenge is to improve Livelihoods for local people while at the same time protecting Biodiversity

Biodiversity Livelihoods

Biodiversity Livelihoods AND ???????????

LiveDiverse Partners

EU LiveDiverse South Africa Greater Kruger Area Costa Rica Terraba River basin Vietnam Ba-Be / Na Hang Nature Conservation India Western Ghats Scotland Netherlands Sweden Italy Rural riparian areas

Ba Be Lake, NW Vietnam

Transport on the Ba Be Lake

Local villagers, Ba Be, NW Vietnam

The Western Ghats, India

Mangrove Delta, Terraba River, Costa Rica

The Greater Kruger Area, South Africa

Mutale River Lake Fundudzi Makuya Park

Overall strategy of LiveDiverse 1. The creation of a multidisciplinary knowledge base and vulnerability mapping. 2. Construction of way/methodology to identify public perceptions, beliefs, values towards biodiversity and sustainable livelihoods. 3. Identification and mapping of the areas vulnerable –Natural science criteria. –Socio-economic, legal and political –Cultural-spiritual point of view 4. The construction of a GIS vulnerability data base

Overall strategy of LiveDiverse 5. The identification of the biodiversity and sustainable livelihoods ‘hot-spots –a high risk (according to the natural science criteria) –and a low capability to manage those risks (according to the socio-economic, cultural-spiritual and political criteria). 6. The use of the knowledge gained in these processes to construct biodiversity and livelihood scenarios. 7. The formulation of policy recommendations.

WP5 Ecological WP7 Cultural Spiritual WP6 Socio-economic WP4 Public Beliefs, Perceptions, Attitudes and Preferences WP3 Co-operation with stakeholders, social groups, NGOs WP9 Institutions, value-based strategies, and policy Instruments WP8 Scenarios for Sustainable livelihood and lifestyles WP2 Multi-disciplinary Knowledge Base and vulnerability mapping WP1 Management, Integration and Dissemination Constructive engagement with social groups and their representatives

Combined GIS Mapping Combined Scenarios Policy recommendations and project proposals

Water for energy Low level of transboundary coop High level of trans- boundary cooperation Water for food and fish production Sesan River, Vietnam-Cambodia Development of farming/fishing in Vietnam Joint development of HEP Business as usual HEP development in Vietnam Problems with fishing and farming in Cambodia Joint development of fish production Info sharing on water release Development of common energy grid Improved environmental flow

Socio-economic data (36 documents): Access to piped water by municipality Access to telephone by municipality Age groups by municipality Age of head of household by municipality Area type by municipality Citizenship by municipality Country of birth by municipality Disability by municipality Economic active population by municipality Economic sector by municipality Employment status Energy source for cooking by municipality Energy source for heating by municipality Energy source for lighting by municipality Gender of head of household by municipality Highest level of education by municipality Highest level of education grouped by municipality Household income by municipality Household size by municipality

What are the central issues of the Livelihoods and Biodiversity Interface in our case areas? 1. Agricultural systems and size/mix of production units 2.Competition over water (and HEP dams) 3. Size and type of rural communities 4. Alternative forms of livelihoods 5. Legal and policy systems and institutions 6.Human settlements in and around protected areas 7.Ability to interact with governance systems 8.Cultural and spiritual traditions

Interface Stakeholders Science Law and Policy

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